The Importance of Drug Testing in Workplaces

As widespread drug use is on the rise, many employers have begun to worry about the performance of their employees. Absenteeism, injuries, loss of productivity, employee morale, theft and fatalities are just some of the causes of drug use in the workplace. The idea of drug testing among workers has developed from society's concern over a perceived increase in the use of drugs and the relation between drug use and impairment, with resultant risks to the worker, fellow workers and the public. As early as 1987, 21% of employers had instituted drug-testing programs. Employers have begun to think that mass drug tests are the answer to their problems. What many of these employers don't know is that there are many problems that surround drug testing at work. One of the biggest of these problems is whether or not it is constitutional to conduct drug tests on the employees. Employers fail to educate themselves with established or recent laws about drug testing in the workplace and about human rights. Also, mass, low-cost screening tests may not be reliable or valid. Alcohol testing does not differentiate casual drinking from alcohol dependence or alcoholism. Drug tests can create an untrustworthy environment for the employees. There are better ways to address substance abuse. Drug testing in the workplace is an important issue for all of Canada's labour force, regardless if it's you're first job or if you've had a steady job for 30 years. Many employees, who have had to subjugate themselves to degrading and demeaning drug tests, feel that these tests violate their constitutional rights. It is an infringement on their privacy. In order for the tests to make sure there is no specimen tampering there must be an administrator present to oversee every action the employee makes during their drug test. For tests such as hair and breath testing this does present a major problem, but for urine tests men and women alike are disturbed by the direct observation of their urine collection. Unfortunately, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms applies only to the laws and actions of the federal and provincial governments and their agencies. It does not apply to the policies and actions of private employers. The Charter therefore does not protect private sector employees from unreasonable drug testing. It is necessary to state that currently an employer can terminate an employee's job if the employee has been using illegal drugs and alcohol, but only if such use is not considered a disability. Alcohol or drug addiction can be viewed as a physical and/or mental disability. In Ontario, the Ontario Human Rights, Citizenship, and Multiculturalism Act prohibit employment discrimination based on disability. Employers have a responsibility to accommodate employees who are disabled. Drug testing has not been proven to be against the Canadian Human Rights Commission. In order to institute a drug testing policy into a company which complies with human rights legislation, an employer must be able to demonstrate that the testing is related to job performance, and not just substance abuse. † Many employees feel that drug testing is a way of discriminating against people who might have a drug and/or alcohol disability. An example of such discrimination is found in Entrop v. Imperial Oil Ltd. The Ontario Board of Inquiry found that Imperial Oil Limited discriminated against Martin Entrop, a senior operator at the Sarnia Refinery, because of a disability. The Board of Inquiry found that â€Å"under a new Alcohol and Drug Policy introduce in 1992, Imperial Oil employees in â€Å"safety-sensitive† positions were required to notify management if they currently had or had previously had a substance abuse problem. † After Mr. Entrop heard that this policy was coming into effect he informed his employer that he had had an alcohol problem about ten years earlier, that he had attended Alcoholics Anonymous, and that he had abstained from using alcohol since 1984. Mr. Entrop had been an employee for seventeen years and he had had no problems at work that were related to substance abuse, but Imperial Oil's policy required that Mr. Entrop be immediately removed form his current position. This example clearly shows that it is discriminatory to terminate a person's job because of a past or present disability and that there are constitutional matters involved with drug testing in the workplace. The lab procedure is a second invasion of privacy. Urinalysis reveals not only the presence of illegal drugs, but also the existence of many other physical and medical conditions including pregnancy. Drug testing is an invasion of privacy that is to be abhorred and it is clearly against our constitutional rights. Drug testing is designed to detect and punish conduct that is usually engaged in off-duty and off employer's premises, in other words, in private. There is much confusion about the accuracy of drug tests. In fact claims of billions of dollars lost in employee productivity are based on guesswork, not real evidence. Urine tests cannot test for drugs directly. They test for traces of substances taken before the test which are no longer active in your system but can still be detected. The most accurate methods of urine analysis are time-consuming and expensive, and even then can be wrong at least 10% of the time. Even though these drug tests are the most accurate, more often then not employers opt for a less accurate drug test because the more accurate ones are too much of an expense for the company. These cheaper drug tests often have an error rate of 30%, which means that 30% of all people that take these drugs tests are falsely accused and may be fired from their jobs. Also, traces of legal medicines, such as cough syrups, nasal sprays and eardrops can be confused with those of illegal drugs. Even the poppy seeds found in baked goods can produce a positive result for heroin. Furthermore, drug tests are not work-related because they do not measure impairment that occurs during work hours. A positive drug test only shows that a drug was taken at some time in the past. Also, the drug test does not distinguish between occasional and habitual use, the same is also true with alcohol testing. Another reason that drug testing isn't very reliable is the fact that drug testing does not even detect all drug users. This is true because most stronger drugs such as cocaine do not last in the user's blood stream as long as someone who has used marijuana for example. This means that the weekend user of cocaine is much more likely than the weekend user of marijuana to pass a weekday drug test. Also drug tests may not reveal very recent drug use. For example, a worker who does not smoke marijuana regularly decides to smoke marijuana in the middle of the work day, a drug test may come back negative because mot enough time has passed for drug metabolites to appear in the urine. With all these factors working against the accuracy of drug tests, not to mention the occasional error of the people who process the specimens at the lab and the false-negatives that occur when an employee deliberately decides to sabotage a drug test, it is hardly worth it for an employer to go through with the trouble of a drug tests when the true drug users, the ones that are harmful to the company, are not pointed out anyways. There are better ways to address substance abuse in the workplace then to rely on the very unreliable method of drug and alcohol testing. These ways are more cost-effective, time-effective and have a much better impact in the workplace; also they do not raise the same privacy issues that drug tests do. An effective alternative to drug testing is to train supervisors to confront, and refer impaired employees to Employee Assistance Programs or other intervention programs. This strategy leads to increased employee acceptance of treatment and a subsequent improvement in overall job performance.

Civil War Essay

A nation in four decades had been multiplied several times its territory, purchase of Louisiana to France, Florida to Spain, the annexation of Texas and the subsequent war with Mexico (1846-1848) ambient. The political states of north and south had been mounded by the interest of the second in their plantations and the conservation of slavery, while the firs inclined towards trade; shipping and financial interests on one side were the debtor farmers, and other creditors’ capitalists. After independence, the first were represented by Democrat Thomas Jefferson and the last by the Federalists under Alexander Hamilton. The congress in Philadelphia in 1787 was the problems faced by the new state, debt, inter-state trade conflicts, war with Mexico, who snatched the Aztec country half of its territory, got to the United States, territories of California and New Mexico social. The civil war was in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as â€Å"the Confederacy. † Led by Jefferson Davis, the Confederacy fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states (where slavery had been abolished) and by five slave states that became known as the border states. The fireman in Bradbury’s world began their version of the fireman job â€Å"around about a thing called the civil war† (54). Captain Beatty, the main antagonist of Fahrenheit 451, and captain of the fire brigade that Guy Montag works for, reasons that the decline of people’s interest in books came about because of photographs which came about during the civil war. the allusion is to the American war of secession from 1861-1865, which is the only civil war of American history. In it, the Northern States were able to defeat the South and to proclaim the abolition of slavery in 1863;

In The Journal, Teaching Math To Young Children, It Stated

In the journal, Teaching Math to Young Children, it stated 5 recommendations on teaching preschoolers and Kindergarteners math. The journal went in depth on each recommendation. In recommendation 4 it describes ways of teaching early learners how to view and describe their world mathematically. Three main points they noted were that teacher’s should intertwine math ideas to familiar experiences, introduce math vocabulary while linking familiar meanings with math terms, and using open- ended questions to assist children in applying their understanding on math. What is the purpose of teachers intertwining math ideas to familiar experiences, terms, or analogies? When a child’s age ranges from 3 to 6 they most likely will not have a good†¦show more content†¦An example is the words â€Å"more† and â€Å"fewer† can be used in many different topics and scenarios than just math related topics and activities. So an educator can use this to their advantage when teaching their students these terms such as during when a child is standing in line she/he can use the terms used in math â€Å"first† and â€Å"last† or by asking questions like â€Å"who in the picture is â€Å"older† and â€Å"younger† while they draw a picture of their family. Some other examples for correlating familiar ideas, vocabulary, and procedures to formal symbols are â€Å"counting† for numerals, +, - for operations, = for equal, and for unequal. Some examples when doing everyday tasks in class are have the children count the number of children in attendance, or have them problem solve involving subtracting and adding with objects such as leaves collected from the playground or any object of choice. Using the everyday classroom tasks to teach math is concepts is key. Third, what is the purpose of using open- ended questions to encourage children to use their knowledge in math? Using open- ended questions help children to use their skills mentally and their language skills. It allows children to think through their own thoughts and actionsShow MoreRelatedCritical Assessment Of Teaching Elementary Students1084 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review In today’s education world, there is a glaring lack of effectiveness of teachers in teaching elementary students to be successful when solving word problems. Evidence of a need for improvement in this area is low standardized test scores on these types of problems as well as poor student attitudes toward even attempting these types of problems (Benko, Loaiza, Long, Sacharski, Winkler, 1999). A recent study indicated that today’s assessment of mathematics has progressively becomeRead MoreThe Ramifications of Government Reform on Education Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica currently ranks 36th in the world in regards to education. This encompasses reading, math, and science. Education in the United States represents multiple achievement gaps across ethnicities, income levels, and geography. There are many reasons as to why America ranks low. The curriculum in the United States varies widely from district to district and stretches from state to state, which is one of the major problems in why America compares greatly to that of other countries. For instanceRead MoreSMART Boards to Build Math Skills Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesMath is one of the fundamental subjects taught in elementary school and is a necessity for overall academic survival. Young learners’ future understanding of mathematics requires an early foundation based on a high quality, challenging, and accessible mathematics education (NCTM, 2013). An engaging and encouraging learning environment helps children develop confidence in their ability to understand and use mathematics. However, math proves to be a difficult subject for many students. In a worldRead MoreBenefits of Technology Incorporation into a Classroom Setting1519 Words   |  7 Pageshaving technology in the classroom help or hinder the students from learning? A quote by John Dewey from his book Democracy and Education stated â€Å"If we teach today’s students as we taught yesterday’s, we rob them of tomorrow.† Integrating technology into classrooms is not only essential in preparing the students for the future, but it is also an effective teaching method. Many surveys and studies have been done about using technology to teach students. Even as early as 6 years old to college levelRead MoreForeign Language Classes Should be Required for Elementary Students1334 Words   |  6 Pagesto start it young. Other school officials have said that they should require it in high school because they’ll remember the language better. Experts say that the education system needs to start it young while the child’s brain is like a sponge. The answer to this question is to simply start the foreign language learning young during their childhood which is why all the state education systems should require a foreign language class during the elementary years of schooling. When a young child beginsRead MoreThe New Style Of Lecturing Now1243 Words   |  5 PagesSince colleges do endorse such a unique teaching style, it does increase the workload; â€Å"72.7 percent compared with 37.9 percent.† Bureau of Labor Statistics stated. The high percentages of workload vs. those lectures in college are proved to endorse greater amounts of stress and work to be completed at home leading to the result of academic dishonesty. High expectations of grades and attendance also influence the rise in academic dishonesty. The college teaching style changed just as the grading systemsRead MoreThe Certification Requirements Of A Reading Specialist1554 Words   |  7 Pagesand pragmatic systems of language and their relation to the reading and writing processes. They will also be able to demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental concepts of reading and competence in teaching K-12 students reading (Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2015). Whereas, Early Childhood Teaching Certification focuses on attention to social and emotional development, conceptual development, and vocabulary and linguistic concepts (National Association of Early Childhood Teacher Educators,Read MoreCritically Discuss the Role of the Core Curriculum Subjects in Developing Children‚Äà ´s Learning in Key Stage One. as Part of This Discussion Critically Consider the Relationship Between Learning Approaches Within the Core4036 Wor ds   |  17 Pagesdiscussion critically consider the relationship between learning approaches within the core subjects and individual learning needs in these subjects for children. Elizabeth Mc Grath Contents Page Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Main Content †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 4 Maths †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Science †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦10 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............13 Read MoreWhy Students Drop Out Of High School1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe interest that â€Å"people connections† and relationships are what keep them motivated when it gets hard. Although many different reasons are the cause of this, the main problem is simple: school systems are failing. Not only do schools steal away a young person’s creativity, but they also have a scarcity of motivation, causing students to become bored, opt out on assignments, fail classes, drop out, among other things. Are education systems the prime reason people aren’t getting an education, and thereforeRead MoreThe Positive Of Using The Internet1406 Words   |  6 Pagespositive of using the Internet Introduction: Today, the internet is going to be a larger part of our lives .There are many people who like to use the internet every day .There isn’t a specific age to use the internet, users range started from children to older people. Using the internet is going to be important in the future. Using the internet can be understood pretty well because it is very convenient. Users just push the Start button and search for the necessary information in Google rather

Essay about Deontological Advertising - 1279 Words

Depending on one’s perspective or level of awareness, the term consumerism might take on a variety of meanings. One thing is quite certain, however, we Americans enjoy consuming and more so, doing it conveniently. Unsurprisingly, the field of advertising in the business world is specifically dedicated to understanding exactly what products or services are of interest to us, the consumers. Commercial entities spend considerable amount of resources to advertising. The pharmaceutical industry is no different. It is with this context in mind and utilizing the Deontological framework, that I will examine the ethical fabric of direct pharmaceutical marketing to consumers. In the age of information, we are no longer limited to television and†¦show more content†¦Let us visit the tenets by which Immanuel Kant, a deontological philosopher, outlined his approach to morals in terms of decisions and acts. In his theory, Kant proposed an objective way of coming to an ethical answer to common â€Å"should I do it or, not† dilemmas. His method, which he termed the categorical imperative, was at the root of his moral philosophy (Johnson). In it, he outlined his three maxims by which to measure a proposed act. These were universality, by which an act faced scrutiny in answering whether the act would survive all persons doing it all the time. Would the world succumb as a result? If considered acceptable one would then accept the act. The second maxim involves us treating humans as ends as opposed to means. Kant’s second maxim would have us prevent malfeasance and manipulation of humans as a means to an end. The third maxim was the ultimate test. In contends that one must act as if one is the highest moral authority in the world. And, as such, the ultimate burden of acting moral, regardless of consequence, would rest on us (Kemerling). With this in mind, overlaying direct marketing to consumers upon this theory should shed light on some questions behind the ethics of pharmaceutical companies. In the 1980’s, drug companies were banned from advertising prescription drugs to consumers. That same decade brought changes in these regulations allowing companies to advertise, mostly inShow MoreRelatedEssay on McDonalds Ethical Behavior, or Not?2199 Words   |  9 Pagesor not McDonalds is ethical for advertising and selling obese and unhealthy foods to its customers. I believe it is important to explore this organization because McDonalds is one of the largest and most well-known food chains around the world. It is important to know that an organization as successful and large as them is also ethical with their approach. If a corporation as successful and profitable as McDonalds can be ethical with their selling and advertising schemes then just about any otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Justin Bieber s Latest Hair Cut3010 Words   |  13 Pagesthe camera may not lie about this nature skilful editing can. The question therefore arises, to what extent do commercial imperatives conflict with the work of journalists? Does the desire for ever increasing ratings and the ensuing increase in advertising revenue drive our media practitioners towards unethical behaviour and if so, what can be done to ensure ethical practice within a commercial media context? In this essay, we will explore these questions by looking at what the role of a journalistRead MoreDeontological Paper708 Words   |  3 PagesMGMT 368 Business Ethics Week 4 Deontological Second Paper April 15, 2012 Direct-to-consumer drug advertising - Deontological Point ofView For many years, consumers relied and depended on the expertise and knowledge of physicians to make decisions on their pharmaceutical needs. Before 1985, prescription drugs could not be advertised directly to consumers. The U.S Food and Drug Administration passed a rule that allowed Direct-to-consumer drug advertising in 1985. This ruling was passed onRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. The enormous popularity of the internet in the past decade has opened doors for marketers in a manner that one could not have imagined twenty years ago. Marketers utilize the internet for the purpose of advertising products in a great way than otherRead MoreThe Global Pharmaceuticals Market Is Worth Us $ 300 Billion A Year814 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumers? How does the dissent view this issue? The drugs have to be prescribed by a physician From a consumer perspective the DTC advertising can give consumers general knowledge of drugs that are offered by the pharmaceutical companies. These advertisements also give consumers information on conditions that they may not be aware of. Most importantly the DTC advertising can motivate consumers to seek medical care, which can help with the early detection of a patient’s medical issue. According to theRead MoreThe Legal Implications Of Advertising A Car1730 Words   |  7 Pagesconfiguration of the laws of the United States. 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Contents Introduction: 3 The United Colors of Benetton strategy 3 Three separate cycles of building Benetton’s value 4 Utilitarianism approach 6 Deontological approach 7 Conclusion 9 References 9 Introduction: As the students of MME (Economics and Management studies), we have chosen the topic, which involves our study program, which is the Marketing and Consumer behavior. Our topic is focused onRead MoreThe Media Standards Authority s Two Primary Types Of Responses2477 Words   |  10 Pages Offensive advertising deliberately startles and offends its audience by violating norms for social values and personal ideals, and furthers challenge the public’s conventional understanding of the social order. Offense is often more scrutinized in popular media, such as television, film, and videogames, more so than it is in advertising. However, advertising has the most potential in subliminally molding social norms because it is everywhere and often filtered and passed off as nuisance. ThroughRead MorePsoriasis Drug0 Humira1238 Words   |  5 Pagessince the advertisement did not indicate cancer risk even though Abbott gained that knowledge during their clinical trials (USDCSDNY, 2012, p.1 p.8). DiBartolo’s lawsuit against Abbott demonstrates the larger ethical issue of Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs. Should pharmaceutical companies directly advertise to patients? Can patients engage physicians in knowledgeable discussions? Do advertisements adequately describe drug risks and benefits? These issues are debated byRead MoreDue To The Extensive Amount Of Harm That Photo Manipulation1731 Words   |  7 Pagescan form a moral analysis on the issue. It is important to know the truth when trying to morally analyze the issue of photo manipulation in women. So, what are the facts? Businesses are using photo manipulation unethically in their methods of advertising. The images that they have of the models are being manipulated into something that they are not. A false idea of what one actually looks like is being portrayed within the photograph. They are providing the viewers with an inaccurate and unreliable

Stephen King Essay Outline - 978 Words

Stephen King â€Å"Each life makes its own imitation of immortality.† is exactly what Stephen King, one of top selling writers in history said when quoting on his own life. As one of the most renowned and famous authors of modern history, Stephen King has published a countless and immense number of bestsellers and worldwide hits. The King of Terror Stephen Edwin King is one of todays most popular and best-selling writers. His countless number of books have circled around the homes of millions of readers who are so intrigued by some of his most famous works. His works continue to embody the minds and fears of its reader while increasingly becoming ever more popular. Stephen King is not only a figure of present history but also a household†¦show more content†¦in English and qualified to teach on the high school level. The next year King and Tabitha Spruce were married in January 1971. He met Tabitha in the stacks of the Fogler Library at the University of Maine at Orono where they both worked as students. According to kings official website â€Å"Stephen made his first professional short story sale (â€Å"The Glass Floor†) to Startling Mystery Stories in 1967. Throughout the early years of his marriage, he continued to sell stories to mens magazines. Many of these were later gathered into the Night Shift collection or appeared in other anthologies.† These were some of the earlier writings that started the worldwide love for his amazing writing talent. During the fall of 1971, King started teaching high school English classes at Hampden Academy, the public high school in Hampden, Maine. King would write short stories on the weekends and evenings while he had free time. One of his first major works Carrie, was accepted for publication by Doubleday Co. on the spring of 1973. Later in t he summer of 1973 â€Å"Stephen wrote his next-published novel, originally titled Second Coming and then Jerusalems Lot, before it became Salems Lot, in a small room in the garage. During this period, Stephens mother died of cancer, at the age of 59.† Carrie was then officially published in the spring of 1974 and that same fall, the Kings left Maine for Boulder, Colorado. They lived there for a little less than a year,Show MoreRelatedWriting Is A Difficult Process. Not Everyone Can Pick It1022 Words   |  5 Pagesthat requires time and practice to master. Writing is extraordinary, it allows the author to express himself in ways they wouldn’t have been able to do otherwise. In â€Å"What Writing Is: from On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, author and novelist Stephen King claims, writing is â€Å"telepathy† (305). Telepathy a form of magic that allows two people to communicate without speaking (306). The only other way to perform telepathy is to use magic. 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The Safe Water Drinking Act was passed in 1974 calling for the EPA to outline rules to regulate allowed amounts of classified harmful chemicals in drinking water (US EPA, Drinking 2). Although the EPA has set standards for concentrations of chemicals in drinking water, it seems that the established levels are too high. ThisRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography3971 Words   |  16 Pages Waterhouse, J. (2008). Top-down organizational change in an Australian Government agency. 6 8. Sisaye, S. (2005). Management control systems and organizational development: New directions for managing work teams. 7 9. King, S. Wright, M. (2007). Building Internal Change Management Capability at Constellation Energy. 7 10. Lalonde, C. (2007). Crisis Management and Organizational Development: Towards the Conception of a Learning Model in Crisis

Moving Past a Memory free essay sample

Laughter filled the air like the aroma of my mothers perfume. Interruption. A knock on the door. â€Å"I have some good news and I have some bad news†. I never did find out what the good news was. I stood behind the closed door to listen. It turned into small talk and ended with a goodbye, tears, and my baby sister and me in the back of this strange man’s car: jet black, expensive, and ready to take us away. I was only six years old. Squeaky floors, uncomfortable chairs, papers wrestling, it was the court house. To this day I still get watery eyes as I pass by it on the freeway. At least I am not in that foster home again. Another night of the same food, and that one night I made a mistake of not being able to finish it all; all of that oatmeal and half of it ending up on my clothes because I had thrown it up. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving Past a Memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was drenched and shaky. They stood there in their dark skin yelling at me and threw me in the shower with all I had on and told me to clean myself up. That night I cried myself to sleep and I just wanted to get away with my baby sister. I made a phone call a day later thinking that that man; with the expensive car, was on my side, that since he was a social worker he could find us a better home, that he would try to make some changes. Time felt like it went still, it was a few weeks yet finally someone took control and took custody of us. Luckily my sister went with her father and I got to stay with my grandparents, grandparents I had never met till that day. I had never felt more displaced, more alone, more deserted. I thought for awhile that this bad dream would never end. At one point I believed my mom would never want me back. Later I found out that she had fought for me. There has been so much left unsaid, but it is my own choice I choose to move on and get my life back together. Looking back; beyond even the foster home, the different homes I have lived in with my mom and the people I have lived without has helped me realize that I am an independent person and capable of making decisions and changes in my own life.

Models for International Business

Introduction In the current age of globalization and its impact on businesses, organizations are growingly embracing business internationalization as a strategic way of succeeding in the global market. In fact, companies have adopted different approaches to globalization so that they could gain competitive advantage in new international market and tremendously improve their financial performance outcomes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Models for International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management teams of business organizations cannot ignore globalization, which explains their focus in developing global strategies guided by international business models (Schott 647). There have been shifts in international business as emerging markets increase their influence at the global stage. In addition, intense competition in local markets have made business establishments shift to global markets. Major international business organizations indicate a change of trend in global business, which would eventually result in economic power shift. Consequently, most organizations, both small and big increasingly evaluate the potential of international markets and implement strategies to facilitate global expansion. The retail industry is among those expanding at a high rate and saturation as well as increasing competition in the traditional markets highlights the need for international expansion. The current study focuses on the internationalization strategies adopted by Wal-Mart in its expansion to emerging markets under the three main models for international business. Wal-Mart – organizational background Wal-Mart is the leading multination organization in the retail industry with its headquarters in the United States. With annual revenue of more than $421 billion and sustained profitability, the company has a substantial financial basis to pursue its internationalization strateg ies. The company employees over 2 million employees worldwide, the company is the biggest employer in the private sector. The high number of employees and excellent financial results demonstrate that the firm has successfully utilized international business models to enter new international markets. Sam Walton founded the company in 1962 with a mission of selling products to customers at a discount to enable them lead a better life. The expansion of the company was based on establishing stores in small towns initially and grew to its current multinational status. Currently, the company has operations in more than fifteen countries in the developed and developing regions. The growth strategy of the company resulted in rapid expansion over the years and the internalization models have been vital in ensuring success in the global markets (Schott 648).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn M ore Models for business internationalization and application in Wal-Mart The current analysis of Wal-Mart’s internationalization is based on the three major models. These are the stage (Upsalla) model, the network model of internationalization and the transactional cost analysis model (Doherty and Tranchell 166). The Stage (Uppsalla) model The model was developed by Swedish researchers in 1970. The researchers were based at the University of Upsalla, and they focused their research studies on Swedish manufacturing companies. According to the model, the underlying principle of an organization’s decision-making process is the objective of achieving sustainable growth and profitability through strategic development when working under the lowest risk levels. Through the model, Wal-Mart and other multinationals choose the market for expansion and mode of entry. Expansion approaches enable companies to identify untapped markets, which could be used to increase their revenu es. The mode of entry that firms utilize to establish themselves in new markets is essential because it helps to project the future performance outcomes in the new markets. The model advocates for business internationalization to begin from the nearest markets because it is easy to understand the opportunities and operate at low-risk levels (Doherty and Tranchell 166). The model considers psychic distance, which refers to variations in the political system, language and culture. The model guides the company in choosing the entry method such as direct exportation, licensing, joint venturing and having fully owned subsidiaries. Other entry methods are vital with successive approaches in ensuring success. In moving to international markets, the company makes three major considerations. First, is the level of market commitment, which determines the level of resources invested in the new market. Second, the company considers the general knowledge, which the company can use in establishin g business in the international market. This has been possible considering the company’s long term experience through operations on other international markets. Third, the company considers human resources capabilities and another resource capacity to improve knowledge levels, creating more value and ensuring stronger commitment (Schott 649).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Models for International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The transactional cost analysis model According to this model transactional processes are the main determinants in business internationalization. Using this approach, business expansion to the global market continues to the level where there is a balance between internal and external cost of doing the transaction. Using this model, the minimization of cost is at the center of every decision made for expansion. In its internationalization strategies, the company integrat es processes to its internal structure as a way of minimizing transaction costs. The analysis process considers aspects of market searching, contracting, monitoring and enforcement of the internationalization, which contribute to the overall transaction costs. The company considers costs going to the search process, which includes the collection of information to determine and analyze possible export intermediaries. Contacting cost considered include negotiating and formalizing of business agreements between the company and its international markets. Monitoring costs result from monitoring the internationalization agreement to ensure that every requirement is fulfilled. Enforcement costs result from ensuring the actual implementation and managing for reluctant partners in implementing internationalization agreement. The network model of internationalization The network model on business internationalization portrays the global industry comprising of other organizations involved in t he production distribution and consumption of products and services. In the network, organizations are connected to one another through the exchange of goods and services. In other words, the model asserts that no company could thrive in an international market without relying on the products and/or services of other organizations. The basis for analysis in the network is the transaction between firms. Indeed, in its expansion, Wal-Mart relies on the wider network to get resources some of which are controlled by other stakeholders and need effective coordination for expansion to be effective. Effective coordination between companies results in mutual interactions to achieve positive sustainable growth and survival in the business. The network model for internationalization highlights major aspects that link companies in the global market, such as technical, cognitive, legal, social, administrative and economic factors (Doherty and Tranchell 166).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering these factors the company commits significant resources, time and effort to establish effective relationships. There are direct and indirect associations between firms. Direct relations are for those firms that have actual transaction interactions. Indirect relationships are with the firms that interact with organizational counterparts (Schott 650). As indicated in the discussion, a company interacts with others from micro positions, with specific partners and macro positions, with the whole network. Over the years, business internationalization defined Wal-Mart’s position in various markets, its integration and strength in the market. In this regard, the company achieves internationalization of the organization through three major ways namely direct international extension, penetration and international integration. Additional insights Additional insights on models of business internationalization are drawn from the article, New thinking in international trade? A case study of the Day Chocolate Company, which indicates the importance of ensuring stakeholders benefit from the company’s international expansion. Just as the three models propose, the company considers the cocoa farmers as strategic shareholders and equity owners in the organization. The subsequent good relationships result in improved status of farmers and the sustained growth achieved by the organization. Critical insights drawn from the article is the significance of placing strategic partners at the center of organizations expanding to international markets. The article U.S. Apparel Retailers ’ International Expansion: an Application of the Uppsala Model, â€Å"elucidates the U.S. apparel retailers’ internationalization by proposing a theoretical framework that incorporates the antecedents of U.S. apparel retail firms’ international market involvement and investigating the effects of international activities on firm performance†. Implicatio ns for business internationalization The analysis of models for business internationalization using the case of Wal-Mart has several implications for business internalization in general. Top of the implication is the need for managers to combine practical experience and theoretical perspectives in the business globalization strategies (Doherty and Tranchell 166). Through the theoretical models, organizations learn critical lessons about internationalization by understanding the socio-economic and cultural factors in the new mew markets. The corporate center should take part in the implementation of expansion strategies, and organizational management, particularly the chief executive officer should engage with other partners directs or indirectly to achieve the benefits of business internationalization. Indeed, while companies have different ways of expanding to new markets, internationalization models indicate the need of engaging stakeholders to achieve sustainable growth in the ne w countries. As the internationalization models indicate, involving everyone in the expansion process enhances transparency and provides organizations with ways of managing potential implications on business operations. More importantly, the models emphasize on the importance of keeping in mind long term objectives of the company while addressing immediate objectives. Conclusion Globalization resulted in transformation in the conventional aspects of international relations and the business sector responded particularly well with many organizations expanding to international markets. From the analysis of models for business internationalization using Wal-Mart as the case study, the study examined three major models namely the stage, transactional cost analysis and the network models. Considering the heavy investment of financial, human and other resources, the models provide vital insights to guide organizations in developing and executing their internationalization strategies. Using the models for business internationalization, companies have a broader picture of factors that determine success or failure in the international market. The factors to consider in internationalization include market size and potential for growth, competition intensity, political and legal factors, the GDP, population distribution in the rural and urban areas as well as the socio-cultural environment. From the case of Wal-Mart, the company implemented its internationalization strategies based on guidelines of the models, which made the company hugely successful in most of the markets entered. The insights provided from analyzing the models and the case of Wal-Mart have major implication for the company and other intending to implement internationalization businesses. Works Cited Doherty, B., and Sophi T. â€Å"New thinking in international trade? A case study of The Day Chocolate Company.† Sustainable Development 13.3 (2005): 166-176. Print. Schott, Peter K. â€Å"Across-pro duct versus within-product specialization in international trade.† The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119.2 (2004): 647-678. Print. 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