The Importance of Child Bond to His Mother - 1211 Words

The primal importance of a child s bond to his mother has always been recognized as a topic that has fascinated people for hundreds of years. Among psychologists and sociologists, there is much debate about exactly how important this attachment is and why. At the turn of the century, the treatment of new-born babies was regarded as having little significance for later life, because babies were thought to be immune to influence. Such idea was attacked by Sigmund Freud. He believed the relationship a child has with his mother was a prototype on which all future relationships were based. Freud s theory held that the child becomes attached to his mother because she is the source of food; hence she gratifies his most basic needs. Slightly†¦show more content†¦This second phase of attachment is more widely accepted than the first, and has far greater long-term significance (Bee, 1995). However, the main concern is what happens if the child does not form a primary parental attachment. The most obvious case is of children who form no such attachment at all. Harlow (1962) having studied the attachment behavior in rhesus monkeys followed this up with a study of the consequences of having no attachment at all. He raised monkeys in isolation for periods of time, and found that those who had no contact with their mothers, nor any peers during the first year of their lives were severely disturbed by the experience. When brought out of isolation, these monkeys did not participate in the active play, which is characteristic of normal monkeys, instead they huddled and withdrew. Once they turned into matured monkeys, they also proved to be incapable of mating, and those that were artificially inseminated were incompetent parents. Interestingly, monkeys who had not experienced being loved by a mother showed no love for their children, and even abused them horrifically. To establish whether or not a similar phenomenon occurs in human development, Goldfarb (1955) studied children who were brought up in orphanages with little or no human contact for the first 3 years of their lives, and he compared them to childrenShow MoreRelated Comparing the Family of Kingsolver’s Bean Trees with the Ideal Family of Socrates1035 Words   |  5 Pagesand family structure. The conclusion reached by Socrates is that no parent will know his own offspring or any child his parents (457 d). It was Socrates belief that the best atmosphere would be created in a communal upbringing of the citys children. In the same sense, he believed that they should take every precaution to insure that no mother knows her own child (460 c). Not even the mother, the traditional child-rearer, would be permitted to know or have a say in the lives of her own children, butRead MoreLove Is Not Based On Conditions And Prejudice1082 Words   |  5 Pagesnot based on conditions and preju dice is between children and parents. The power of such bond is unperceived by many and only taken for granted. However, to maintain that bond, parents and children are obligated to earnestly sacrifice for each other. A prospering relationship is unachievable with unrequited love; both individuals need to demonstrate their value for one another. Sadly, the insight of the importance of my parents occurred to me recently and those previous interactions with my parentsRead MoreSocial And Emotional Development : John Bowlby1402 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a secure bond of attachment to another person is regarded as a foundation for successful social and emotional development. â€Å"It has been observed that children with secure attachments are more socially competent than those with insecure attachment† (Neaum. S. 2010). By the child having formed secured relationships it enables them to engage with the world with a sense of confidence and self-esteem. children who have secure a ttachments are also known to show more co-operative behaviour. JohnRead MoreEssay on Psychological Theories of Attachment1156 Words   |  5 Pagesevolution and publish it in his books Natural Selection (1858) and The Origin of Species (1859). The ideas in these books inspired Konrad Lorenz in his studies and it was Lorenz’s ideas that laid the foundations for an evolutionary approach to attachment. During his experiments on wildfowl Lorenz (1952) discovered Imprinting (the way some infant birds follow the first thing they see.) even managing to get himself imprinted in the process. From his experiments LorenzRead MoreBiography Of Edward John Mostyn Bowlby1690 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 26th in the year of 1907. Bowlby was one of six children all raised in a middle class family in London. He was the fourth of his six siblings, all children were raised by the family nanny. Bowlby only spend an hour a day with his mother and this was at tea time. During the summer Bowlby and his siblings got to see their mother more often as she was more available. His father was Sir Antony Bowlby he was the surgeon to the Kings household. (www.goodtherapy.org 2007) At the age of seven BowlbyRead MoreJohn Bowlby1253 Words   |  6 PagesIn the introduction to one of his many books, John Bowlby quotes Graham Greene; ‘Unhappiness in a child accumulates because he sees no end to the dark tunnel. The thirteen weeks of a term may just as well be thirteen years.’ It is quite clear that John’s childhood was not a happy one. He experienced many years of separation from family and it can be connected as to why he developed the theory of attachment. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, known as John Bowlby, was born in 1907 in London asRead More1. Outline Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ Study and Discuss How This Has Influenced Our Understanding of the Importance of a Child’s Attachment to the Primary Caregiver.1523 Words   |  7 PagesAinsworth’s ‘strange situation’ study and discuss how this has influenced our understanding of the importance of a child’s attachment to the primary caregiver. In 1970 Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowblys original work and devised an experiment called the Strange situation. The study focused on the behaviour ,in relation to attachment, of infants who were 12-18 months of age when their mother left the purpose built lab play room. The infants were watched through video cameras in the laboratoryRead MoreThe Support Influence On Development Of Insufficient Parental Care1733 Words   |  7 Pagesin pro social behaviors† (Tuner, 2011, p.30). Practitioners have found that the importance of forming a bond with a child from birth has the possibility to shape the life of a person. â€Å"Attachment Theory has emerged as a leading tool for describing profound close relationships† (Nichols, 2013, p.62) For example, attachment can be seen as a child being hugged by it’s mother and the mother hugging the child back. A child may seek out other objects to find comfort, although studies show that it will notRead MoreChildbirth I s A Celebrated Miracle Of Life1223 Words   |  5 Pages Childbirth is a celebrated miracle of life. A moment in time, mothers and fathers remember forever. In the early nineteen hundreds, a mother’s main responsibility was staying home and caring for the children. On the other hand, fathers would work to provide food for his family. The passing of time yielded these gender personas obsolete. In numerous situations the woman earns the primary household income. Furthermore, these transformations have culminated with fathers taking paternity leave.Read MoreHow Do Attachments in Early Childhood Can Have Positive and Negative Consequences?1363 Words   |  6 Pagesattachments is John Bowlby. Bowlby performed his elementary psychological studies in the late 1960s, which undoubtedly caused a stir amongst close families and the setting of the times. He believed strongly in the idea of monotropy. This is the sense that all infants need one special attachment relationship, and t his gives the child the ability to experience deep feelings. Bowlby claimed that a `warm, intimate, continuous relationship with the mother or mother substitute is essential. Now, one has to

Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay - 1122 Words

Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s is the decade in American history known as the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is a reflection of life in the 1920s. Booming parties, prominence, fresh fashion trends, and the excess of alcohol are all aspects of life in the â€Å"roaring twenties.† The booming parties in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby reflect life in America during the 1920s. Gatsby displays his prominent fortune by throwing grand parties. From next door, Nick Carraway witnesses the scene of Gatsby’s fabulous summer parties: There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and women came and went like moths among the whisperings of champagne†¦show more content†¦The materialistic nature during the twenties was everywhere. Some Americans embraced it and some attacked it. For President Calvin Coolidge and his followers it was embraced: â€Å"Sharing so visibly in the wealth of society, more and more Americans came to feel that the booming Coolidge economy was working for them†(Nash 379). The wealthy nation satisfied materialistic Americans and Coolidge became a prominent leader. For American writers, materialism was attacked and â€Å"they questioned the society that placed more importance on money and material goods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nash 390). Leading to their fame in literature, the writers who were concerned with American materialism moved to Europe. Materialism lead to prominence in 1920s America just as it did in The Great Gatsby. Gatsbyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s prominence is an aspect of how Americans used materialism in the 1920s. One way materialism is shown is through fashion. The fashionable clothing flaunted in The Great Gatsby is an example of life in the 1920s. Gatsby’s parties are used as a spacious â€Å"catwalk† for men and women to exhibit the latest and most expensive designer wear. At one of Gatsby’s parties, Lucille, a young female guest, chats with Jordan and Nick about an expensive new gown she received. She states, â€Å"When I was here last I tore my gown on a chair, and he asked my name and address–inside of a week I got a package from Croirier’s with a new evening gown in it†¦It was gas blue with lavender beads. Two hundred and sixty fiveShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F.Read MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the h uman instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald756 Words   |  3 Pagesconnotations woven through the pages of Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby. The voice of Nick Carraway, chronicles the summer of 1922 that transpires in the vicinity of Long Island, New York. This locale is divided into the East Egg, populated by those with old money and the West Egg, inhabited by those with new money. The pursuit of money and pleasure mark this era and far exceed the pursuit of more noble goals. The interactions of Nick Carraway, Jay Gatsby, Daisy and Tom Buchanan and MyrtleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald ’s eyes, the new American culture build around thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 Pageswithin his novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the power of confrontation as the climax of his scene with the quote, â€Å"What kind of a row are you trying to cause in my house anyhow?†(129). This is the key question. At this point in the novel Tom Buchannan has just become aware that his wife, Daisy, is in love with Jay Gatsby. Every previous event in the chapter has been leading up to this confrontation; this question. By pinning the â€Å"row† on Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an accusatory toneRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzger ald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good and

Educational Psychology Essay Free Essays

string(85) " for Black learners perpetuated by the former apartheid government \(Seroto, 2004\)\." QUESTION 1 Education most definitely plays a key role in building the future of our nation but many learners are still lacking the fundamentals of a basic quality education. The South African Constitution Act was passed in 1996 and came into operation on 4 February 1997 [26] (Duma, 1995). Chapter 2 of this Act contains the Bill of Rights in which the State guarantees the protection of individual’s fundamental rights (Duma, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Psychology Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Section 29 talks about the right to Education (Duma, 1995). This section recognizes that every person has a right to basic education and to equal access to educational institutions (Duma, 1995). It is clearly evident though that this has not taken place because black learners, especially in the rural areas are not receiving the necessary quality education that they are entitled to. Many schools in the rural areas still lack basic facilities such as running water, toilets, desks and electricity (Seroto, 2004). To worsen the situation some schools are built only of mud (Finnemore, 2009). Many township schools are in a serious state of dilapidation, partly due to theft of infrastructure and other forms of vandalism (Seroto, 2004). The shortage of classrooms, equipment and other teaching resources is evident in many schools today (Finnemore, 2009). Poor school management practices and dysfunctional teacher evaluation are contributory factors (Finnemore, 2009). The poor state of our school buildings and facilities is reflective of the current budgetary crisis (Tedla, 1995). This lack of access to resources and materials by children in the rural areas leads to inequalities within our education system. Children in urban areas and white schools have access to a better quality education than children in the rural black areas. Read also Memory – Forgetting These inequalities today may be as a result of the Bantu education system. There has been inequality of access to education between the white and black schools in the past, and the evidence is brought forth when the political instability led to the disruptions of schools and centres for political indoctrination, leading to strikes and class boycotts, with the aim of demanding a change in the Black institutions of learning (Sedibe, 2011). According to teachers in Kwa-Mashu schools the core of all the problems facing schools today was the whole system of Bantu Education (Sedibe, 2011). This implies that what is presently happening in schools today is the result of years of oppressive education (Sedibe, 2011). Due to inadequate and unequal access of resources these schools in rural areas cannot function effectively (Sedibe, 2011). It is therefore the responsibility of the Department of Education to supply adequate resources and make them available to all schools equally, in order to enhance a culture of teaching and learning within schools (Sedibe, 2011). This is a very important issue that needs to be taken seriously if we are talking about investing in the future of our children. This means that rural areas need much more support from government than urban areas do in terms of education. They need to be allocated a fair share of the budget that will help remedy the bad conditions they are faced with. This can be achieved by providing them with all the necessary learning resources they need, which in turn will enable them to adequately equip themselves and thus guarantee them a bright future. Another issue that arises in our schools today is having teachers who are either unqualified or under-qualified. This was as a result of the closure of most mission schools and teacher training facilities in 1953 which forced all teacher training into racially separated government training colleges, geared to extending the mass base of Bantu Education (Douglas, 2005). Since other professions were closed to them on racial or economic grounds, many people of colour became teachers by default (Douglas, 2005). As a result, under-qualified, unqualified and even un-matriculated teachers were employed (Douglas, 2005). Training centres for our teachers today are a necessity if we desire to see pupils succeeding and achieving their goals. Teachers need to be equipped with the relevant skills and knowledge to carry out their roles appropriately and confidently. Government’s budget for education needs to set aside funds that will invest in training centres for teachers thus investing in the future and success of our learners, and in turn leading to a healthy, stable and developing nation. Another matter that arises is that of the apartheid system. During the apartheid era black people were discriminated against and this was clearly evident in the area of education. The implementation of Bantu education ensured that the level of education provided to Africans could be differentiated, with a small urban population obtaining education beyond the primary level, while the majority of the African migrant labour force received only minimal primary education (Mabokela, 2000). Still focusing on the apartheid era, systems and laws were put in place that made sure that black people were excluded from certain opportunities and benefits. For example, apprenticeship training programs designed for development of skills at workplaces were also for many years reserved solely for white persons (Finnemore, 2009). Overcoming the long shadow of apartheid education is proving a major hurdle to the development of our nation. In terms of government’s budget for education, has there been a failure to equally allocate resources? Government needs to revisit this budget to make sure that it is being fairly and equally distributed, so that every learner can have the opportunity to benefit from it. Government’s spending on education has declined over the years (Tedla, 1995). Although many students are found in primary schools, and although this level of education is less expensive than secondary or tertiary levels, the financial support for it has steadily decreased (Tedla, 1995). Formerly White education was financed at 185 percent of the national average whereas the education departments of the former non-independent homelands were funded at 74 percent of the national average and the former ‘independent’ homelands at 67 percent (Seroto, 2004). This clearly shows funding disparities with regard to the provision of education for White learners and for Black learners perpetuated by the former apartheid government (Seroto, 2004). You read "Educational Psychology Essay" in category "Essay examples" This apartheid system has had an effect on our education system today. The South African budget also suffers from the effects of apartheid. The economy is still reeling from the economic downfalls of apartheid and there is a major problem in maintaining current levels of spending with the solution being unclear (Education in South Africa, 2005). All the factors discussed above play a critical role in the development of our education system today and unless we make a conscious decision to take the necessary steps to amend these problems, the future of our children cannot be guaranteed. QUESTION 2 In the article provided it is very clear that the conditions for learning are not conducive at all for the students to learn. These conditions instead can lead to the demotivation and discouragement of the students. Some of the negative learning conditions they are exposed to are: a tremendous shortage of learning facilities, resources and materials like desks, chairs, picture books and workbooks. The classroom floors are described by the teacher as a dirt road. This is definitely detrimental to the health and well-being of the learners. The classroom walls are described as raw and bare. We know that children need a stimulating and motivating environment to grow and without things like paintings, drawings and pictures on the walls it becomes very difficult for them to develop. All these conditions that have been described above stand as a barrier to the ability of students to learn. These conditions could lead to the students’ failure to learn anything, not because they are incapable or incompetent but because of the poor and bad learning conditions they have been exposed to, leading to their failure to cope. For these students who attend school in these conditions, little can be learned, surely, on a day under a leaky roof or with no roof at all (Tedla, 1995). These problems can and do discourage pupil attendance (Tedla, 1995). The Role of the Psychologist The role of the psychologist in such a context would be, first and foremost to understand the nature of each child within this context so that they may be able to assist them. For example, different children will behave and react differently to different situations. Some children may be resilient to such conditions and view them as opportunities to learn, instead of viewing them as barriers to learning. In such circumstances these children would do whatever it takes to work hard and achieve their goals no matter the circumstances. Other children might end up discouraged, demotivated, depressed, frustrated, stressed and unhappy. It would be the responsibility of the psychologist to find out about the nature of each child by conducting assessments. Assessment of children requires special adaptation of assessment procedures and particular interview techniques (Holford et al. , 2001). These assessments could include one-on-one sessions with the child. In addition to interviewing children, using developmentally appropriate language, drawing techniques and imaginative play can elicit valuable nformation (Holford et al. , 2001). This could also include observing each child within the classroom setting and seeing how they respond and react within that classroom environment. For any comprehensive assessment of a child, direct observation of activity level, motor skills, verbal expression, and vocabulary are also essential (Holford et al. , 2001). Any kind of assessment used by the psychologist should not be complex but rather simplified so that learners are able to understand. Questions must be simple and appropriate for the child’s developmental level (Holford et al. , 2001). This in turn will ensure that there is communication between the learner and the psychologist. It will also help to ensure that learners benefit from these sessions. It is also very important that the psychologist understands how the child views the circumstances in his or her environment. Therefore the primary goal of the interviewing technique is to gain the child’s own perspective (Holford et al. , 2001). Teachers can also collaborate with the psychologists to help the learners. This is what is referred to as unified collaboration. It can often be useful for the psychologist to speak to the child’s teacher(s) as their reports can give valuable supplementary information (Holford et al. , 2001). A standard questionnaire could be given to the teacher to provide information about the child’s learning skills, ability to cope in a group situation, peer relationships, and relationships with adults in authority (Holford et al. , 2001). Possible Interventions by the Psychologist A key component of Bronfenbrenner’s model (the ecological systems theory) is the understanding that children are also active participants in their own development, and the environment therefore does not simply impact on the child (Swart Pettipher, 2005). Children’s perceptions of their context are central to understanding how they interact with their environments (Swart Pettipher, 2005). The way they perceive their circumstances influences the way they respond to their human and physical contexts (Swart Pettipher, 2005). The microsystem refers to the activities or interactions in the child’s immediate surroundings (Swart Pettipher, 2005). The mesosystem refers to connections or interrelationships among microsystems of homes, schools, and peer groups (Swart Pettipher,). The psychologist could use both the microsystem and mesosystem in coming up with different kinds of interventions. For example, the psychologist could include systemic interventions with parents, teachers or the school itself (Landsberg, 2011). A systemic intervention with parents would involve finding out more about the child in the home environment, how the child interacts with them as parents, how the child interacts with his or her peers and any other difficulties or problems the child may be experiencing at home. Another intervention could involve parent and teacher workshops (Landsberg, 2011). Parents and teachers could come together to discuss the progress of the children, the problems they are experiencing at home and at school and how parents can support teachers and vice versa, in assisting the children to overcome any obstacles or barriers they may be facing. They could also assist the children in making their learning experience a more pleasurable and successful one. The school itself can also be involved in this intervention, by, for example, designing programs and projects (Landsberg, 2011). This could help students in developing their capacity to learn and work together in groups, as well as developing their communication skills within groups. It could also teach them how to love and support one another in such an environment. These interventions used by psychologists should not only focus on the children’s weaknesses but should also focus on their strengths that can be used to compensate for their areas of weakness (Landsberg, 2011). These interventions should provide the learners with immediate benefits that can be realized, including the identification of social or emotional difficulties, considerations and coping strategies to enhance learning and methods for increasing motivation and interest in affected areas as required (Landsberg, 2011). QUESTION3 In this article, owning a toy is a dream rather than a reality for these children. They desire to have toys but because their parents are unemployed and the school cannot afford to provide them with these toys this is not a reality for them. Having toys should not be seen as a luxury but rather as a necessity for children of this age to grow and develop appropriately. They desire to have desks, chairs, picture books and many more resources. For them without these basic resources they feel they will not be able to realize their goals. They also desire playgrounds, see-saws, pencils, toys and most importantly food. These desires are the kind that any child of school going age would have. Food is one of the very important and basic necessities for anyone to survive, no matter the age. If these children cannot even afford to get a decent meal it becomes very difficult for them to learn anything at school. They also desire water and toilets, which once again are basic necessities of life that one cannot live without. It is a sad fact that at this young age, these children have been denied the opportunity to the basic necessities of life. Pupils dream of computers but they are yet to see one. In this fast-paced technological and global environment, every child should be exposed to a computer and given the basic skills of how to operate one. These children need to be given the opportunity to realize their goals and aspirations in life. At their young age it is difficult to expect them to understand what is going on. Therefore teachers, the government, the education department and parents all have a big role to play in the lives of these children in order to make sure that they realize and achieve their dreams. Material conditions definitely need to be improved to enhance the learning of these children but they also need a strong support system from both parents and teachers to help them through their learning experience. One needs to get into the child’s world and see things from their perspective (Holford et al. , 2001). In this way they will be able to understand the children and what they are experiencing and thus be able to assist them. It is the responsibility of government to improve the conditions of these impoverished schools so that children can be able to learn and be productive in their learning experience. They also need to provide more learning resources for the children so that they can enhance their ability to learn. Basic facilities such as running water, toilets, desks, chairs and electricity should be made available and easily accessible for these children. Parents within these communities also need assistance in finding employment or loans to start small businesses so that they too can be able to support their children and contribute to the schools they attend. The risk of children falling sick because they do not have access to clean and healthy water must be reduced. This problem stands as a barrier to achieving their goals and dreams. It is the responsibility of our society, government, parents and teachers to work together in making sure that children overcome these barriers to learning by adequately equipping them in every possible way to realize their goals. All these factors that have been mentioned greatly contribute to the emancipation of these children and unless we all work together to see that these children are emancipated, their future cannot be secured. QUESTION 4 A detailed ideal education system within a multidisciplinary context that can improve the educational outcomes of children of school going age would be one that firstly: offers quality education for all learners. This means that all learners should have equal access to adequate facilities and resources (for example, clean running water, toilets, desks, chairs and electricity) within their school environment regardless of their race (whether they are black or white), regardless of where they live (in the rural or urban areas) and regardless of whether they are disabled or disadvantaged. Secondly, this system should accommodate the different learning styles of different learners within schools. Some learners may need visual material to support them in their learning experience; some learners may need learning material to be broken up into smaller amounts; other learners may want to see the whole picture before the material is broken up; some learners may prefer studying with background music; others may prefer studying in a quiet place (Swart Pettipher, 2005 ). This system should make provision for all these different learning styles of learners. This system also needs to move away from the apartheid system that accommodated English more than anything. Schools now need to embrace the diversity of cultures and languages within our society by finding a way to accommodate each and every learner, no matter their background or culture. At the same time they need to help learners realize the continued importance of developing their English language skills. This can be done through the use of appropriate reading materials, writing skills and appropriate teaching methodology. Thirdly, this system should be one that accommodates the diversity of learners within our society and community. In this case, teachers need to be given more time to plan their teaching activities to include a diversity of learners (Landsberg, 2011). Not only do teachers need to be given more time to plan their teaching activities but they also need helpers or additional teacher assistants (also called classroom assistants) who can support them in teaching a diversity of learners as well as support from specialized people for advice and guidance (Landsberg, 2011). Teachers also need administrative support as well as adequate learning support materials and assistive devices appropriate for the needs of learners with disabilities (Landsberg, 2011). This system can only be successful in improving the educational outcomes of children of school going age if teachers are given all the support they need to deal with the different kinds of learners within the different schools. Government also needs to invest in teachers by sending them to training centers that will adequately equip them with the required skills and knowledge necessary for them to cope in their diverse school environments. REFERENCE LIST Douglas, J. (2005). Transformation of the South African schooling system. Teacher Professionalism and Education Transformation. Braamfontein: The Centre for Education Policy Development. Duma, M. (1995). Community Involvement in Rural schools in Pietermaritzburg Area. (Masters’ Thesis, University of South Africa. ). Education in South Africa. Retrieved October 19, 2005 from www. southafrica. info/ess_info/saglance. education/education. htm Erasmus, BJ, Loedolff, PvZ, Mda, T Nel, PS. (2009). Managing training and development in South Africa (5th ed. ). Cape Town: Oxford. Finnermore, M. (2009). Introduction to Labour Relations in South Africa (10th ed. ). Durban: Butterworths. Holford, L. Ziervogel, C. Smith C. (2001). Child and adolescent psychiatry. In B. Robertson, C. Allwood, C. A. Cagiano. (Eds). Textbook of Psychiatry for Southern Africa (1st ed) Cape Town: Oxford University Press. (pp. 282 – 321). Landsberg, E. (2011). (Ed. ). Addressing Barriers to Learning: A South African Perspective. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers. (pp. 69-85). Mabokela, R. O. (2000). Voices of conflict: Desegregatin g South African universities. New York, Routledge Falmer. Sedibe, M. (2011). Inequality of Access to Resources in Previously Disadvantaged South African High Schools. The Journal of Social Science, 28(2), 129-135. Seroto, J. (2004). The impact of South African Legislation (1948 – 2004) on Black Education in Rural Areas: A Historical Educational Perspective. (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa. ). Swart, E. , Pettipher, R. (2005). A framework for understanding inclusion. In E. Landsberg, D. Kruger N. Nel (Eds). Addressing barriers to learning: A South African perspective. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers. (pp. 3-23). Tedla, E. (1995). Sankofa: African thought and education. New York, NY: Peter Lang. How to cite Educational Psychology Essay, Essays Educational Psychology Essay Free Essays REFLECTION ESSAY ON LEARNING EXPERIENCES for Educational Psychology Cecille Ann C. Pilapil, MS, MA, CIOP Name of Student: KO, KATHERINE Y. Section: 2PSY4 | | |I really want to be a teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Psychology Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children are my passion and it has always been my biggest dream to help them, to impart my knowledge to them, | |and to be able to understand and relate to them. In this world that rapidly changes and grows, the role of a teacher proves very essential in | |every child’s process of learning. | | | |In the past, I admit that I used to take the â€Å"easy way out† in studying; I relied immensely on rote memorization to pass my subjects. 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Our motto was â€Å"Do what you say, say what you do,† and this has helped us in so many | |ways, not only in school but also at home, and in our relationships with others. | | |This subject did not only give me insight on what it would be like to be a teacher, but I was also able to take a good glimpse on how much a | |teacher can change students’ lives, simply by listening to them, by encouraging them, by investing not only academic learning time but also | |quality time with them, and simply, by being their friend and caring for them. | | |Another important lesson for me is that being a good student is not at all about looking good in f ront of your professors and classmates, or | |receiving high grades. What really defines a good student is how she is able to value the knowledge she obtains inside the classroom and | |applies all those lessons learned in real life. This class has helped me mature in so many ways – in relating with my classmates, in relating | |with my professors, and in relating with myself. This class had pried open my mind and helped me learn how to combine my knowledge with | |action. | How to cite Educational Psychology Essay, Essays

Crime Mapping free essay sample

The spatial nature of crime and other police-related issues is central to understanding the nature of the problem. In this discussion contents of geographic data and descriptive segments of a Burglary To Motor Vehicle Map will be explained. The following map portrays criminal activity (burglary to vehicles) displayed through a geographic information system (GIS) which translates elements in the real world (roads, buildings, lakes, and mountains) into forms that can be displayed, manipulated, and analyzed. In addition to police data such as crime, drug houses, and parolees (Boba, 2009). The time period being analyzed in the following crime map for the incidents portrayed, range on a monthly time frame ( January 1, 2006 January 31, 2006). This method of identifying patterns and describing patterns which can be displayed in several series; time of day, day(s) of the week, weekly, biweekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly is known as time series analysis (Boba, 2009). Line features represent street segments a real-world element that can be represented on a map. Not standing alone, other types of line features represent power lines, bus routes, rivers, and streams. Similar to point features, every segment of street keep up a correspondence to a record in the feature shown in the data matrix located on the left side of the map (Boba, 2009). In addition, another type of vector data useful in crime mapping are point features. Point features are a distinct locality that is more or less portraying on a GIS-generated map in a way of a symbol or label. Different symbols are used in a geographic information system to depict the location of information applicable to the analysis. Such symbols can be classified as, crime, motor vehicle accidents, traffic signs, buildings, police beat stations, and cell phone towers. In this particular crime map burglary to motor vehicle, parolee, and drug house are the labels used which depict the location, known as point features (Boba, 2009). Moving on, a geographic area is a polygon feature illustrated on a map by means of multisided outline with a closed set of lines. Polygon features vary in size, it could represent areas as large as continents or as small as buildings. For the purpose of GIS-generated maps polygon features may be used to depict county boundaries, city boundaries, parks, school campuses, or police districts (Boba, 2009). Primary Data Data collected specifically for the purpose of the analysis at hand is referred to primary data. For the purpose of any particular crime map, primary data is collected through surveys, interviews, field research, and direct observation. This data may be coded and entered into a database or may be left in description form. Primary data can be collected from people through interviews, focus groups and surveys. Primary data can be collected from places attributed from environmental surveys and direct observation (Boba, 2009). Secondary Data In contrast, information that have been composed beforehand and usually on an continuing basis are secondary data. This information is contained in an electronic database. It is common practice to use secondary data in crime analysis, for the simple fact that police agencies, city departments, and government entities continuously collect and store data that are pertinent to the issues crime analysis scrutinize. To illustrate, law enforcement organizations retrieve information in crime reports, accident reports, and arrest reports, and city entities collect data on street networks, keep business registries, accumulate data on utility usage, and collect information on taxes and licenses (Boba, 2009). Personal analysis In reviewing the Burglary To Motor Vehicle crime map it appears that all information displayed on the map contributes to the purpose of the map. Except the mile maker scale which appear to be off, indicating from 0 to the first marking is 7501,500 miles. However, using calls-for-service data could be used to monitor police activity in relation to the burglary to motor vehicles. Analyzing both activities can generate data to establish a pro-active approach, having police presence in areas were vehicle burglary is more constant. In addition, raster data can provide detailed location of drug activity around the areas of the drug houses. Using this data, sting operations can be conformed around streets, buildings, parking lots, and environmental features. Users of non-law enforcement will have a better view of the drug areas in which they can avoid. Raster data is used to display features on the earths surface, using satellite images which can help to provide detailed data in analyzing drug activities. In analyzing the map further, one particular pattern arouse my suspicion. At the bottom of the map, right side, parolee displayed neighboring the river, appear to be surrounded with burglary to vehicles. To pursue some resolution to this particular area tactical crime analysis must be set in place. Obtaining information on the where, when, and how concerning, burglary to vehicles and the parolee will assist police officers in identifying and understanding the pattern within that particular area. Crime statistics could be another essential tool in identifying times certain burglaries occur (Temp Police Department, 2009). Conclusion Crime can be dated back to ancient history, today technology used by crime analyst assist law You go in the right direction when referencing the parolees but downplay its | |significance. Isnt there a correlation between the drug houses, parolees and the crimes. A good crime map will be self-explanatory on its | |face with little need for further clarification. Meanwhile you are also fairly on target in your assessment of what might need additional | |information or further inquiry using the reasoning you demonstrate. Overall it was a good effort.