china essays

taiwan//china essays [I.Intro] ============================================ As children make mistakes, parents correct and guide them, but soon the children learns to adjust on their own and become independent without need of guidance. Taiwan is like a growing child, learning many things and continuing to improve. Taiwan has reached the point when the  ¡parent ¡, China, must understand that Taiwan may now function properly even as an independent nation. While Taiwan has the resources, work force, and the will to grow more independent, the Pan-Green, pro-independence coalition, and the Pan-Blue, pro-reunification with China, still debate the issue of Taiwan ¡s right to  ¡leave ¡ China and Taiwan ¡s ability to compete as an independent nation in the world. Formosa, like a growing child, has been molded by these experiences to the present-day democratic Taiwan. Taiwan does not exist as a product of just one nation, but rather it is the result of the people of Taiwan influenced by its surrounding neighbors and past  ¡owners ¡. Taiwan, form ally known as Formosa, was raised as a Dutch colony, Chinese province, and even as part of Japan for a short time. Post-WWII Taiwan has survived thus far while being an  ¡independently ¡ functioning country with its own government, separate from China, and is more than able to move onward. Before negotiations can occur between Taiwan and China, China demands that Taiwan accept that it is part of China. [II.China side, Pan-Blue] =============================== Pan-Blue members believe that Taiwan is still growing and if given a chance to go  ¡outside ¡ into the world, than Taiwan would get lost or not make it because of its lack of experience to  ¡walk ¡ forward. Distinct supporters of Pan-Blue include Peoples First Party (PFP) and Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT, who are held responsible for the massacre of 2-28 in which the party ¡s enemies were ...

Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera)

Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is one of the several species of bees that produce honey. Honey bees live in colonies, or hives, of 50,000 bees on average. A honey bee colony consists of a queen, drones, and workers. All play roles in the survival of the community. Description As many as 29 subspecies of Apis mellifera exist. The Italian honey bee, Apis mellifera ligustica, is most often kept by beekeepers in the western hemisphere. Italian honey bees are described as light or golden in color. Their abdomens are striped yellow and brown. Hairy heads make their large compound eyes appear ringed with hair. Classification Kingdom: AnimalPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: HymenopteraFamily: ApidaeGenus: ApisSpecies: mellifera Diet Honey bees feed on nectar and pollen from flowers. Worker bees feed the larvae royal jelly first, and later offer them pollen. Life Cycle Honey bees undergo complete metamorphosis. Egg: The queen bee lays the eggs. She is the mother to all or nearly all members of the colony.Larva: The worker bees care for the larvae, feeding and cleaning them.Pupa: After molting several times, the larvae will cocoon inside the cells of the hive.Adult: Male adults are always drones; females may be workers or queens. For the first 3 to 10 days of their adult lives, all females are nurses that care for the young. Special Behaviors and Defenses Worker bees sting with a modified ovipositor on the end of the abdomen. The barbed stinger and attached venom sac pull free from the bee’s body when the bee stings a human or another target. The venom sac has muscles that continue to contract and deliver venom after it is detached from the bee. If the hive is threatened, the bees will swarm and attack to protect it. Male drones do not have a stinger. Honey bee workers forage for nectar and pollen to feed the colony. They collect pollen in special baskets on their hind legs, called corbicula. The hair on their bodies is charged with static electricity, which attracts pollen grains. The nectar is refined into honey, which is stored for times when nectar may be in short supply. Honey bees have a sophisticated method of communication. Pheromones signal when the hive is under attack, help the queen find mates and orient the foraging bees so they can return to their hive. The waggle dance, an elaborate series of movements by a worker bee, informs other bees where the best sources of food are located. Habitat Honey bees require an ample supply of flowers in their habitat since this is their food source. They also need suitable places to build hives. In cooler temperate climates, the hive site must be large enough for the bees and for storage of honey to feed on during the winter. Range Though native to Europe and Africa, Apis mellifea is now distributed worldwide, largely due to the practice of beekeeping. Other Common Names European honey bee, Western honey bee Sources Beekeeping Basics, published by Penn State College of Agricultural Services Cooperative ExtensionTexas AM University, Honey Bee Lab

Brand Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand Management - Assignment Example Through, successfully implementation of this methodology, firms can win loyal customer at a reasonable rate. Brand management practice is applicable across various industries, because of its perceptive dimension (Lienert). However, the positive product or brand image could be built in a fraction of seconds, when salesperson highlights the importance and applicability of a certain product in customer’s life; but the hard part is to backup this perceived value with actual product performance. All of the major automobile companies are attempting to lower their operational costs, because of Japanese competition (Mannering and Winston). But, they are taking this challenge in a wrong direction, because Japanese are not just selling vehicles, they are giving away comfort, low maintenance and high quality. Thus, they are providing more real value to the customer that enables them to charge some extra cash. The competitors should concentrate on enhancing the value provided to the custo mer, in order to counteract Japanese competition. ... In this way, the company will be able to provide incentive to facilitate sales. Another unique aspect of brand endorsement is its center of attention, which is more abstractive in nature. It emphasizes on improving the quality of life of an individual through a product, thus brand management is all about increasing consumers’ comfort through adding new and meaningful products in their life. Brand managers believe that customers do not purchase clothes; they pay for good looks, which these clothes will provide them. The above mentioned argument fits well, within the industry of cars that this paper will analyze in the coming section. Such consumers are interested in fuel consumption, convenience and elegance, thus require a travelling solution not just a car. Fait, which possesses the managerial rights of Chrysler, is planning to lower their value chain costs through streamlining their dealership network, by combining small to medium size dealers with larger ones. This strategy will help them in lowering the number of dealers; therefore their transportation costs will drop significantly. The use of centralized dealers points towards the intention of top management on gaining a price advantage. In the history, Fait attempted to introduce its products as luxurious ones. But, this decision caused its offerings to compete in a different market, in which Honda and other similar companies had established brands. Therefore, Fait failed to make a name in this segment; mainly, because of its products’ low quality. The customers consider Chrystal’s products as economical and designed for middle class; due to this market perception best cost marketing strategy will be ideal for promoting these products.

Accuracy and Automation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Accuracy and Automation - Essay Example First, subtraction of one digit numbers without the need of â€Å"borrowing† should be taught. Next, subtraction of two digit numbers with and without borrowing can be incorporated. It is highly recommended to use drawings such as shapes or toys to help the child visualize how subtraction is done and to understand the concept of transfer and deduction. Some educational psychologists found that among Grade I and II pupils, computerized educational toys with immediate reinforcement improved their performance in Spelling and Arithmetic. The pupils who were exposed to conventional toys and who were not reinforced did not improve in their performance. Learning occurs with constant correct practice. The drill method is based on the law of exercise. However, correct practice or exercise in itself does not result in learning. There are other factors that interact with exercise. For example, studies show that practice or exercise without knowing the reasons for practicing or exercising does not improve learning. Similarly, if the learner does not know how accurate he is in the exercise, performance does not improve. This non-improvement indicates that he is not learning. To enhance learning, exercise should not be done blindly. Learners must know the reasons for an exercise and for everything they do. At the same time, they should be given feedbacks on how well they perform in their activities and efforts. Thorndike’s law of exercise may be better understood when seen with his trial-and-error concept. To him, all learning involves trial-and error. In the trials, the learner generally acquires certain responses while eliminating others. Rewarded responses are acquired and â€Å"kept† while those that are punished are eliminated. Repetition is also a key to successful learning of children especially with math concepts. In order to master the processes

Uses and Gratification Research Essay Example for Free

Uses and Gratification Research Essay The Uses and Gratifications Theory is a famous approach to understanding mass communication. It is an audience-centered approach to media study focusing on the uses to which people put media and the gratifications they seek from that use. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. , 2006) It emphasizes the audiences rather than the actual message because it more focuses on what audiences will do with the media instead of what media does to the people. Blumler and Katz’s Uses and Gratification Theory recommend media users should take a dynamic role in interpreting and integrating media into their lives because they have alternate choices to gratify their own need. (Uses and gratifications theory) They also take a dynamic part in the communication process and this are the goal oriented in their media use. Uses and Gratification Theory (UG) is a psychological communication perspective that examines on how individual use mass media for satisfy their life but not study on how media impact the audiences. It also emphasizes that motives, actions or an attitude is related to the media use and might change by individual or groups. When an audience actively seeks out for media, they are usually seeking for delight a need. An audience based on theoretical structure to select media and content that can satisfy their needs and desires. (Papacharissi, Z. , n. d. ) The needs will deliver as a motive for adopting particular medium use and this will connected to the social and psychological which make up of the individual. For example, a family may watch a TV shows for instance The American Next Top Model for their entertainment or spend some time together with their family members while some people may choose to browse an internet or look for the magazine content in order to satisfy their information needs. Audience consumes the particular media because they like what they gained from it. However, a number of mass communications scholars have argument about uses and gratifications theory is not a strict social science theory. In reality, Uses and Gratifications perspective has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the early stages of each new mass communications medium for instance television, radio internet and newspapers as well. Although scientists now are continuously using traditional tools to answer questions about the media use, but we must also be prepared to enlarge our existing theoretical models of Uses and Gratification. Besides that, the theory explains the uses and functions of the media for individuals, groups and the society. At the core of uses and gratifications theory lies the assumption that audience often seek out the mass media in order to gratify their individual needs. (Uses and gratifications approach. ) Audience plays their role differently in seeking out for the medium in order to gain their own satisfaction and needs. Furthermore, medium will be used more when the current motives to use the medium leads to more satisfaction and happiness. Development Uses and Gratifications Theory first advanced in the 1940s by Lazarsfeld and Stanton (1944), attempts to describe the reason of people use on mass media, and also the different kinds of satisfaction they receive from mass media. Gratifications are happiness, satisfactions and rewards, as a result of you meet a specific goal or desire. â€Å"The theory relies on the belief that the audience is not merely a group of passive media consumers, but that they play an active role in selecting different media to meet their needs. (Infante, Rancer Womack, 1997; Lowery De Fleur, 1983) An audience has freedom to choose what media they prefer. For instances, read for newspaper or browser a website in order to meet their desires and goals. In 1944, Herta Herzog researches on the media gratifications and found that there are three major type of gratification towards the radio soup opera which are merely for emotional release, enjoyment for wishful thinking and getting advice from the listening to daytime serial. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. 2006) In 1961, Wilbur Schramm along with his associates did studies on children and TV which proved that this particular audience was active. It is not the TV lead to an effect on the passive viewers but children selected and watched TV programming in order to satisfy their three needs. There were the need for entertainment, the need for information and the need for social utility. (DeFleur, M. L. , 2010) During 1970s, some media researchers aware that the activeness people of using the media will determine the degree of the effect on that person. For example when a person think that the book have a particular effect on him/her, he/she will work to induce that effect rather than the book induce the learning effect on the person. (Baran, S. J. , Daris, D. K. , 2006) Furthermore, Rubin (1986) stated two underlying presumptions of the uses and gratifications model which explains how people are motivated by a desire to gratify certain needs and also how the audience uses media rather than how the media uses us. Besides, understanding audience consumption patterns will improve understanding of media effect impacts toward audiences. In two separate studies in 1979 1983, Rubin identified six major uses of television for children and adolescents are learning, passing time or habit, companionship, escape, arousal, and relaxation and for adult are passing time, information, entertainment, companionship, and escape. † Five basic assumptions of Uses and Gratification Theory As Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch give explanation in the book â€Å"Mass Communication Research†, there are five basic assumptions in Uses and Gratifications Theory. (Spring, E. R. 2002) The first assumption is â€Å"the audience is conceived as active. † This idea emphasizes the viewers are goal-oriented and tries to achieve their goals from the media source. This directly reflects the needs of the audience member in gaining the media source. Second basic assumption is â€Å"in the mass communication process much initiative in linking need gratification and media choice lies with the audience member. † This assumption ex plains people use media for their own advantage rather than the media uses them. The receiver confirms what is going to absorb and does not allow the media to influence their mind because the individual opinion is more powerful than what media is portraying. The third basic assumption is â€Å"the media competes with other sources of need satisfaction. † This assumption emphasizes on each individual has different needs and desires. By fulfilling their needs and desires, they have to create a wide range of choices in order to meet these needs. The forth basic assumption which is â€Å"many of the goals media use can be derived from data supplied by the individual audience members themselves. People are very responsive and alert about their motives, choices and able to explain their motives verbally as well. The final basic assumption which is â€Å"value judgments about cultural significance of mass communication should be suspended while audience operations are explored on their own terms. † The theorists believe the audience would able to find out the value from the media content. It is the individual audience members who make the decision to view the particular media. Therefore, they place the value on it by their individual decision to view it. Katz, E. , Blumber, J. G. , Gurevitch, M. , 1974) These basic assumptions provide a framework for understanding the exact correlation between the media and the viewers. Lastly, it provides a distinction as to how the audience is more or less active and the consequences of their involvement in the media as a whole. Literature Review on the Key Findings in the New Era The uses and gratifications theory has been widely used for the studies of Internet as well as Social networking system used. As cited by Hetzog, Katz. 1974), UG suggested that people are consciously choosing the medium that can satisfy their needs and they can recognize their reasons for making that media choices. Maddox (1998) found that the main purpose of people using internet is to gather different type of information which is supported by Lin (2001) that people who need information reception are more likely to use the online services. According to Blumler Katz, (1974), Lasswell suggested that media fulfilled the needs for surveillance, correlation, entertainment and cultural transmission both for individuals and society. The reason for internet usage also associated with entertainment oriented gratification. (Lin, 1996). According to Urista, M. A. , Dong Q. , Day, K. D. (n. d. ), the Wollfradt and Doll Internet Motivation Scale comprise three underlying motives for using the Internet: information, interpersonal communication, and entertainment (Matsuba, 2006, p. 278). A 1995 study of college students Internet usage resulted in six motivational categories: entertainment, social interaction, passing the time, escape, information, and Web site preference (Kaye, 1998, p. 4). Stafford and Gonier (2004) have identified several gratifications from Internet use that motivate users’ behaviors. These include web searching, the acquisition of information, the ability to engage in interpersonal communication, and socialization. As cited by Soh, C. H. (2010), Jaafar and Sulaiman (2005) concluded that entertainment is the primary online activity of home computer users in Malaysia. As the Social network system is more and more popular, there are scholars who investigate it based on uses and gratification theory. As cited by Urista, M. A. , Dong Q. , Day, K. D. (n. d. ), Starkman (2007) has demonstrated that motivations for using the Internet are primarily caused by desires for â€Å"relaxation, fun, encouragement, and status† (p. 211). Ray (2007) explored the multifunctional uses of SNS for simultaneously fulfilling entertainment, information, surveillance, diversion and social utility needs. According to Raacke, J. , Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008), for those who have the Facebook account, many uses and gratifications are met such as keeping in touch with friends. For those who do not have Facebook account, the result indicated failed uses and gratifications for not having a friend-networking site. According to a comparative study between Australia and the Netherlands research, SNS are a very effective means for building and maintaining relationships. Many participants acknowledged that SNS make staying in touch with friends much more convenient, which in turn, increases their motivation for maintaining relationships through communication on SNS. It also showed that there is a link between internet addiction and eroticism Sex differences did occur when comparing uses and gratifications for users. However, sex differences were not found for the most popular uses and gratifications, indicating that in general men and women meet the same needs by using the sites. As cited by Wong, F. M. , Lean, M. L. , Fernandez, P. R. (2011), Hirst (2009) mentioned that SNS usage among females is more social relationship-oriented while the use of SNS among male respondents is outcome-oriented. Pros and its Criticism The Uses and Gratification theory is concerned that how people use media for gratification of their needs. Choices of the media for the media users are increasing, this approach is to direct the media’s attention to the audience. The Uses and Gratification theory bring advantages and disadvantages to people in their daily life. Nowadays, media become more and more important in our daily life. Advantages of the Uses and gratifications theory is this theory is one of the communication model which is more positive views of the media. This is because this theory posits the users have complete control over what kind media that they want to use, how they use it and what the effects on them. The uses and gratification theory reminds the media that people are using media for many purposes. As media users become increasingly confronted with choices, this theory should direct media’s attention to the audience. (Suresh, 2003) Based on the Lull’s television research, found that families used television for communication facilitation, relationship building, intimacy and for structuring the day. (Suresh, 2003) The researchers have found out four kinds of gratifications. The first information, people want to know about what is happening in the society and the world to satisfy their curiosity. The second is personal identity, people willing to look for models for their behaviors. This can help people to decide what is the feeling about themselves and if the media view the same behaviors, that mean the media is also agree with their behaviors so they will feel successful and feel better about themselves. Next is integration and social interaction. People use the media to find out more about the circumstances of other people, by watching a show may help the people to empathize the lives of others. The last is as entertainment, people sometimes use media for relaxing, enjoyment or sometimes just to fill time. Uses and gratification is useful for studying the motives and usage pattern of computer game players. (Hou, 2011. ) This research framework assumes the majority of people choose the particular communications is to satisfy their needs and interests. Gamers that with different social backgrounds and demographic always had different expectations and uses of the same media. (Hou, 2011. ) The uses and gratification theory is well fitted for studying the interactive of playing game. It provides principle for the gamers to gain insight on the impact of game experiences, the role of players’ choices and actions and their usage pattern when playing game. The uses and gratification theory have some limitations. There are three major criticisms of the users and gratification theory. (Littlejohn, 1989, P. 276) The first argument is due to the lack of coherence and it is non-theoretical. Although a more unified vision is emerging, some uses and gratification researchers are developing a theory that connects this work with another kindred program on dependency theory. Based on the researcher, Blmber said that â€Å"The nature of the theory underlying uses and gratifications research is not totally clear. † (Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch, 1974) There is confusion between gratification and satisfaction of people, whether people is only seek what they want or enjoy it. (Littlejohn, 2002) The second criticism is focusing on social and political objections. This problem is because the uses and gratification is so focuses on media functional role and ignores its dysfunctions in the society. People view media positively which can meet their needs, but they do not pay attention to the overall negative effects of media in the society. Many people criticised that the uses and gratification theory as they believed that the public actually do not control on the media and what it produces. Media do not need to take responsibility for what they produce because public is too kind to the media. Although there are many choices available for the users, they actually do not have the control over the media about what the media produces. The information that obtained by the users is solely prepared by gatekeepers and the information may already include the influences and perception of the gatekeepers. (Littlejohn, 2002) Last there is argument said that uses and gratification theory make media consumption behavioristic and individualistic. Uses and gratification theory has criticized as â€Å"vulgar gratification† which is highly individualistic nature. It only focused in the individual psychological gratification derived from individual media uses. Individuals are believed to control their media-consuming behavior according to conscious goals. (Littlejohn, 1989, P. 276) As mentioned above, people will not pay attention towards the ways to form media content and reflect the cultural values. Zillman, Denis McQuail showed one of the weaknesses of the uses and gratification theory is that the mood of people will affect their media choice. People choose what contexts to view or depend on their mood or feelings. For example, boredom encourages for choosing the exciting context, stress encourages the choice of relaxing context. Therefore, it is argue that the uses and gratification theory is often too individualistic, so it is too difficult to predict beyond the people. Some analysts have doubted the accuracy of self-reports on the uses and gratifications obtained from the media. They argue that such an approach is too simplistic, underestimate the complexity of human motivation. Self-reports are based on personal memory which can be problematic (Nagel et al. , 2004). This is because the respondents might not recall exactly how they behaved in media use which in turn distort accuracy of the study.

Marriage in Vanity Fair Essays -- Vanity Fair Essays

Marriage in Vanity Fair  Ã‚   Many of the characters in "Vanity Fair" are married from the start of the novel, or are betrothed during the novel. The reasons behind the marriage vary from character to character - even within relationships. While some may have love in mind, it is the temptation of money and social status that encourages others to walk down the aisle. The perspectives on marriage also depend on the position in the relationship. Mothers and fathers sometimes have more economic ideals while their children are in love, or even have no regard for each another at all. The protagonist of the novel, Becky Sharp, laments not having a mother to whom she could leave the arduous task of finding a fiancà ©. Little is said of the relationship between Becky's parents. Her father was an artist and her mother a French opera dancer. It is unlikely that, as she was orphaned at a young age, Becky was greatly affected in any way by her parents' relationship. Perhaps indirectly, she felt that because she was an orphan, her impact on society had to be all the more memorable and successful. Before so much as being introduced to a portrait of her friend Amelia's brother, Becky is reasoning with herself, "If Mr. Joseph Sedley is rich and unmarried, why should I not marry him?" Although Becky sees an opportunity to join the Sedley family, initially of some standing in society, Jos's behaviour is not exemplary for a young gentlemen. Before his drunken behaviour at Vauxhall, he allows Becky to eat a hot chili; an example of how he does not see the pursuit of matrimony as a worthwhile occupation; not a pastime that concerns him, although he appreciates the attention that Miss Sharp pays him. Sir Pitt Crawley has a similar lack of appre... ...s desire for advancement in society and wealth attempts to start that relationship, it is Becky's similar motivations that are responsible for her relationship with Lord Steyne. She considers him to simply be another step up the ladder of society. However, he is inadvertently a clue to what else Becky expects from a relationship. when Rawdon attacks Steyne on his arrival back home, Becky admires Rawdon's physical strength. Again, this is a more material aspect of a relationship. The ideals behind marriage differ, often between generations. While parents can see economic and social gain, a situation such as with George and Amelia causes problems when the parents' meddling results in the children falling in love. Becky Sharp's use for marriage seems only to be self-advancement. When a relationship ends, her regrets are based on what she has lost, rather than who.   

Research about smoking habit Essay

Smoking is associaated with an increased overall mortality. It was recognized early in the area of indutrilized cigaratte production and mass use. Smokers will often says that they are not addicted to cigarrate. They thinl of smoking habit , which they can control and contai and would be able to stop at any time. The definition of smoking is the way , the act of smoking tobacco or other subtances. According to history of smokers , tobacco or scientifically call necotine is a herbal plant .The herbal plant is about 1.8 meters high . it has big leaf about 30 centimeters . The reason why , smoking is addictive becouse of it contain nicotine , a subtances that given to monkeys ,rats, dogs will precipitate chemical dependency . Cigarrattes firsts produced by Julep Cigarattes , and marketed by the Julep Cigarattes Company of Boston and Hahira about 1935 , then later by Pen Tobacco Company and finally atound !958 By Brown and Williamson . A commercial cigarattes manufacturing plant was built in Harira, Georgia in 1962 . When the factory first opened , it manufactured ‘’ Osteen ‘’ cigarattes until the depression hit in 1929. After the few years , the factory closed and all cigarattes making equipment was removed . Smoking accounts for one out of every five death in Malaysia . It is the most important modifiable cause of premature death , responsible annually for an estimated 120 000 years of potential life lost. About 10 000 Malaysians die each year becouse of smoking ( Tobacca 2003 ). According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , there are about4.9 millions tobacco related deaths each year . This fegure makes tobacco use the leading cause of preentable death in the world . From 4.9 millions tobacco relateds death , 1.1 millions accur in the south east asia region , which is the largest producer of tobacco and tobacco products . The biggest increase in desease are in India . In the western Pacific Region, 62 percent of men and six percent of women smoking , leaving hte majority of non smokers exposed to second hand smoke ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ) . The biggest Increse in tobacco related disease are expected in China , where an estimated two to three millions death will accur by 2020 ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ). The Easten Madeteranian Region ( EMRO ) is not far from the current trends in China . Egypt has a rise in all tobacco related cancer including lung cancer which contributes over 90 percent of all death . Cigarretes smoking is a risk factor for stroke death . It is well known that cegirattes smoking is associated with an incresed risk of cardiovascular disease . manyepidemiological studies in Western populitions have identified smoking as an independent risk factor for stroke and this association has olso been found . However , epidemiological data regarding the relationship between smoking and stroke in Japanese people living in Japan remain inconclusive . In contrast , however , tobacco consumption in recent years been rising in developing contries including Malaysia . The prevalance of smoking among Malaysians adult aged 15 years and above had increased from 21 percent in 1985 to 31 percent in 2000 .Some 49 percent are all adult males and 5 percent of all adult females are now current smokers . 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT People are becoming much more sensetive to the smoking issues . In Malaysia , these are about 5 million smokers consuming an average of 14 cigarattes per day ( tobacco 2003 ) . Unfortunately , the number of hte smokers is too large. It will triple the next three decades from 10 000 million in 1998 to 30 000 millions by the year 2030. As long as smoking is seriously dificult habit to beak , very few smokers are able to succeed in their attemts to quit . Various contries have proven that healthcare proffesionals can play an active role in helping smokers to break free of their tobacco addiction through a properly arganized smoking cessation proframs. Otherwise , smoking also will affects the non smokers person who bestfirend with them . The porpose of this study is to understand smoking habit of UNISEL ( University Selangor ) . This study will help the decision maker to make  decision about smoking arounf the campus . the goeverment is undertaking serious ( anti-smoking campaign ) arounf Malaysia but the result is discouraging . This shows not everybody is concerned about their healthy lifestyle . The statistics revealed that about eight percent of the estimated 4.6 millions smokers in Malaysia were students . It is about 50 to 60 teenagers started smoking a day . According to article Jasudason 2005 , the goverment had allocated RM20 millions a year for the next year for the next ten years for the anti smoking campaigns to prove its commitment the curbs the smoking habits among Malaysians . 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This research is all about why the cigarette smoking is popular among the teenagers. The reseacher is aware that smoking is a major preventable cause of premature death . It does not only threaten young people’s currrent and future health but olso over the world a face the same problem nothing can change their perception . The objective of the research are :- 1. To find out why students involved in smoking at young age. 2. To understand what student think of smoking. 3. To know percentage of student who are involved in cigarattes smoking. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY An important reason for carry out this study is to provide an understanding on the impact of smoking . The significance of this research is to show how, why student are involved in smoking . This study will provide usefull information for policy makers of the university for taking steps to reduce incidents of smoing in campus. This olso will by understanding the habits , more effective anti smoking campaign should be planned and launched effectively . Besides , this analysis will provide usefull information that will help to overcome smoking habits in UNISEL student 1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study limited to the survey of students in the Diploma Business Management under Faculty Of Business in UNISEL only . This is because of financial limitation and time contraints. 1.6 THE TIMESCLASE OF THE RESEARCH Date Details 30/10/14 Literature Review Community surveys of the areas Design the questionnaires- Collection of official and unofficial statistic 1/11/14 1st session participant observation of the area 2/11/14 Field work Interview the smokers 10/11/14 Field work 2st session participant observation of the area 7/11/14 Analysis of the data obtained from the field work 8/11/14 Write the thesis 1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION 1. What is the percentage of student In Diploma Business Management in UNISEL Shah Alam who smoker? The percentage of students who smokers is %. 2. What is the ratio of smoker between male and female student? The ratio of the smoker between male and female students is and out of respondents. 3. What is the average number and cigarette that student smoke? According to table 1.1 shows the average number of student smoker per day is between 5 – 15 sticks item How many cigarettes do you smoke per day Total Less than 5 sticks 5 – 10 sticks 10 – 15 sticks 15 – 20 sticks More than 20 sticks Are you smoker yes count % of Total 100 % 4. The amount of money spends on smoking every month. The amount of money they have spend on smoking cigarettes every month is RM for each person. Referring to the spending money of the week, the respondents usually spend about less than RM . 5. Of those smoke, what is the percentage of student who tried to stop  smoking? The percentage of students who tried to stop smoking is about % of them. CHAPTER 2  LITERATURE REVIEW The process of developing the competencies began with a literature review of other smoking cessation workforce competencies. The review question was What documents are available that will help in the development of the core competencies required for people providing evidence-based treatment of tobacco dependence in New Zealand? The international cessation competencies accepted by the Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) 9 in April 2005 were used as the starting point, with more recent and more specific literature then investigated to ensure competencies were measurable and relevant to New Zealand. A variety of databases were searched for this review, using the following search terms: â€Å"smoking cessation†, â€Å"workforce competency†, â€Å"clinical competence†, â€Å"professional competence†, â€Å"competency- based education†, and â€Å"competency†. The databases included: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, AMED, Psy cINFO, PubMed, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews – Database of Abstracts for Reviews of Effectiveness, EBM Reviews – ASP Journal Club, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. A variety of other sources were searched for information, including the reference lists of all obtained articles, key websites, and by asking key informants for relevant documents. All studies that focussed on smoking cessation competencies were sought, irrespective of study design, type of participants, sample size, or outcome measures. Only English language publications were sought. The search was restricted to literature published from 2005 onwards, that is, after the international cessation competencies developed by ATTUD were approved. The final literature search was completed on 7 March 2007. A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Competency development—A project team from the University of Auckland’s School of Population Health developed a draft set of smoking cessation competencies based on information obtained from: The 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines;10 Consultation with an expert group comprising 14 people from throughout New  Zealand selected for their expertise in cessation service provision and/or training. Page 49 URL: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1276/3114/ CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The research employs quantitative research methods in conducting the study. In data collection , formal questionaires are prepared and the question are asked in a arranged order. 3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The research intrument of this study is questionares . the survey instruments measures the level of impact in smoking habit whether is good for health or not good for health for the young age . 3.3 DATA COLLECTION The research used thesurvey instruments to collect data research data . The research focuses on the opinion , when , why , how they involved in smoking cigarrates . The data collection selected randomly in Faculty of Business of Diploma Business Management . This information will be gathered in the following ways. Interview: Semi-structured interview technique Existing framework from previous research Gather detailed general information including: age & gender Taken before observations. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION After all data have been gathered and collected , it must be analyzed. This  process is called data analysis. As mentioned , 120 questionaires will be sent to respondent consist of 55 males and 65 females . 4.2 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS The analysis is based on the questionaires analysis is given to the respondents . The information in this part is divided in three parts as part A , Part B , part C 1. PART A : THE RESPONDENTS According to the study , there are eight question on students background 2. PART B : ABOUT HTE SMOKER This section shows the analysis of smoker who is involved in the cigarrates smoking and how much they spend in buying the cigarrates per week . 3. PART C : NON SMOKERS This section is mainly for the non smokers olso for a smoker who has stopped smoking and how they are motivated to keep away from smoking.

Historical accounts Essay

Historical accounts that support the role of globalization in poverty reduction are observed especially during peace time and pro-globalization among countries. There is at least eighty percent of the world population that lived at an inflation-adjusted $1 per day at the onset of wartime in the early nineteenth century (Srinivasan and Wallack 2003). Half century by half century, this level is consistently lowered with drastic improvement in post-war period. However, up to this day, debates continued at the gates of international organizations such as WTO, WB, IMF, etc. Most of the protagonists are still in doubt not on how globalization contributed to economic growth but more importantly how it impacted the poor. These debates are inconsistent with historical accounts that proved globalization as solution to poverty. The impact of globalization on poverty is a matter of time to give way for trickle effects, institutional adjustments and change of perception on traditional beliefs. And so, in the long run, there are fewer questions about the benefits that poor may have from globalization. In this view, protagonists are highly concern on the distance between the deliveries of poverty effects of globalization to the grass root people which are normally the poor with economic growth serving as intermediary. They are primarily concern on how unequal the amount that is delivered and how unfair the delay of those amount. Thus, economic growth is criticized to prioritize the welfare of the well-off sector rather than the welfare of the poor. The preceding statement is especially true when the risks of well-off people are compared with the risks of the poor. The former have ease in searching for employment, has enough liquidity for the delay in the welfare delivery and thus in the position to be doubly happy. On the other hand, the latter is in reverse situation aggravated by subsistence living and exposure to physical hazards and capitalist exploitation making them in absolute despair by lengthy wait for delivery of minimal welfare. A good example is the inequitable income distribution. As industries expand business due to increasing inflow of direct and portfolio capital from abroad, well-off people are prioritized to jobs that are created due to formal education. If they are terminated or walk out of the office in their voluntary preference, they are still on-demand from expanding businesses. In contrast, the poor with little knowledge of how the sector works and little options would feel inferior and thus is willing to take whatever salary, conditions of work and other dictates of their employer. Both their mobility and freedom are taken away. There are several empirical studies that suggest globalization is pro-poor. Besley and Burgess (2003) found that there is a negative relationship between the poverty and income per capita. In monitoring GDP growth and poverty on a twenty-year frame from 1980 to 2000, Deaton (2001) concluded that economic growth is responsible to poverty reduction in India. China, which is referred to as an economic giant awaken by foreign direct investments, is quoted by Park and Wang (2001) to have drastically eradicated rural poverty since 1998. To evidence that the role of globalization is not only limited to income aspect, poor nations in Africa showed high levels of lowered poverty during the 1990s elevated by consequently addressing issues of mortality, education and AIDS epidemic. According to Besley and Burgess (2003), economic growth is only possible when three resources are present; namely, physical capital, human capital and technological change. This is illustrated in many ways. As the poor gain equal knowledge as the well-off, the former salary will increase and thus get both of them in equal footing in terms of income. As newer technologies primarily in agriculture increase the yield of the poor, their incomes as well as capitalist tendencies will simultaneously benefit. There is even a surplus harvest to attend their nutritional demands and less risk that a natural calamity will make this positive situation short-lived. As road infrastructure takes over the rural and farm areas, access to larger markets and faster economic activity will further improve the situation of the poor. These three sources of economic growth can be done minimally by the national and local government due to the vicious cycle of being a poor nation. With globalization, deficient funding will not be a hindrance to provide sources of economic growth due to inflow of capital. Accepting the argument that economic growth is indeed a good middleman to improve the welfare of the poor from globalization, the global community must have an average annual economic growth of 3. 8% by 2015 with lowest demand growth from Eastern Europe and Central Asia and highest demand growth from Sub-Saharan Africa (Besley and Burgess 2003). Eminent in the work of Srinivasan and Wallack (2003) is that globalization must be coupled with redistribution such as price support and public services to the poor. On the other hand, Besley and Burgess (2003) specifically defined their preference on the term redistribution through income distribution. They argued that the volatility of income distribution among developing countries is very minimal. Thus, the impact of globalization on the poor sector is loomed by increasing the average income of the population. In the study of Dollar and Kraay (2001), it is found that globalizing large economies of the developing world are characterized by large rise in trade and large fall in tariff barriers starting in 1980s. Economic growth compared to 1970s is higher for the following decade through 1990s. However, even with this figures, non-globalizing developing countries that are small did not gain the same success of their large economy counterparts. On the positive side, the welfare of the poor in respect to level of income is argued to have regression relevance with the level of trade. This study supported the role of globalization to poverty reduction and the effectiveness of economic growth to deliver the necessary benefits to industries, sectors and public at large. Still, the minority of small countries that may not have the sufficient market as well as institutional backbone to exploit large foreign capital inflows are hoping for the miracles of globalization. Conclusion Would I support Globalization in terms of growth? The answer is relative and as much as we would like to place straightforward answer we cannot. It is hard to generalize the behavior of developed countries towards transition economies. The overlapping issue is that the former is offering the latter with the chance to achieve the former economic status without going through historical hardships which can include war. This is an offer that is hard to give away especially that most governments of transition economies are administered by older people. In addition, inability to integrate relations to world affairs at least partially would make the transitional country weak against global shocks, external feud and addressing of internal objectives. To this view, globalization is for growth since it encourages transitional economies to join the globalization wave to improve national economy. On the flip side, it is rational for the leaders of transitional economies to make a well-prepared and if not rigid bilateral and multilateral agreements with trading partners. This is true especially when its internal resources are vulnerable to adverse spill-over effects of globalization. It is a conservative but helpful to view these treaties as anti-growth particularly on quality of life, history and well-being of the nation’s identity. Internal resources do not only include people, places and things but also intangible resources like ideologies and memories. Globalization serves as intervening if not modifying mechanisms to status quo of these components. As a result, to be able to protect the non-economic growth of several national treasures and resources, seeing globalization as anti-growth to internal well-being is valid. References Besley, Timothy J, & Burgess, Robin (2003). Halving global poverty. Journal of economic perspectives, 17(3), 3-22. David Dollar, Aart Kraay (2004) Trade, Growth, and Poverty* The Economic Journal 114 (493), F22–F49 Deaton, Angus. (2001a), â€Å"Counting the World’s Poor’s Problems and Possible Solutions,† World Bank Research Observer, 16(2), 125-47. Park, A. and S. Wang (2001), â€Å"China’s Poverty Statistics,† China Economic Review, 23, 384-95. Srinivasan, T. N.? Wallack, J. S. ,â€Å"Globalization,Growthandthe Poor†,in De Economist, 152 (2), 2004, p. 251

Moving Beyond Simple Conflict of Interest

Moving Beyond Simple Conflict of Interest Introduction This paper discusses some issues related to the Greber case. Greber was a physician and was the owner of Cardio-Med, Inc. The company assisted physicians by making available certain medical equipments to record the cardiac details of patients.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Moving Beyond Simple Conflict of Interest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The physicians were paid a certain amount for every patient that they referred. The case deals with out of the way payments made to physicians in order to get more referrals from them. Such payments were more than the actual worth of the jobs done. The case came to light and a case was lodged. How do criminal and civil law differ? Answer: The differences between criminal law and civil law pertain to the nature of crime, the person filing the lawsuit, the punishments awarded, and substantiating evidence. With regard to the nature of crime, criminal law rel ates to illegal conduct, whereas civil law relates to disagreements between two parties and where the complainants haven’t broken any law. With regard to the person filing the lawsuit, â€Å"In criminal cases, the government always files the litigation or lawsuit. In civil law, the plaintiff files the lawsuit and usually is a private party such as a person or corporation† (Main, 2012). With regard to the punishment awarded, in a criminal offence the punishment awarded may range from imposing fines, imprisonment, or capital punishment (depending on the severity of the crime). In civil offences, the loser is required to compensate the monetary or other losses of the winning party. With regard to the substantiating of evidence, in criminal offences, the prosecutor (most of the time) is responsible for providing the required evidence, whereas in civil cases, mostly the plaintiff has to provide evidence. However, in both cases sometimes the other party also may have to prov ide evidence. In what way did this differ from joint venturing? Answer: In joint venturing the parties involved have control over the business to the extent of their share. Moreover, the agreement is a legal binding for the parties involved. But in this case, there was no binding for either Medicare or the physicians. Medicare paid to the physicians as per the referrals received. The physicians had a free will to refer patients to other medical facilities from where they could get better deals. Also, there was no legal contract between the two parties. â€Å"The execution of a letter of intent (sometimes styled as a memorandum of understanding, term sheet, protocol, summary of terms, or other titles) is the first major undertaking of negotiating a successful joint venture† (Smith Southwell, 2012). In this case, there was no such understanding. Hence this case is different from joint venturing.Advertising Looking for case study on criminal law? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Do you feel that any of the physicians involved dishonored their fiduciary relationship with their patients? If so how? Answer: Yes, I do believe that the physicians dishonored their fiduciary relationship with their patients. Fiduciary relationship relates to the trust that the patients have over their physicians; trust that makes the patients believe that they will not be cheated. But in this case, in order to earn money, the physicians referred them to such clinics that charged hefty amounts (including their commission). Pamela Bucy (2010) claims that â€Å"Cardio-Med’s payment amount exceeded that which Medicare would have paid the physicians for those services† (p. 40). Medicare paid the excess amount in order to bribe the physicians to send more referrals. So indirectly the patients became a part of this payment scam where payments were made more than what was actually required. This was a financ ial loss and it was definitely a breach of trust. Summarize and give your analysis of the verdict of the case employing your own opinion. Do you agree with the verdict? Why or why not? Answer: According to the court ruling, it was ruled that Medicare made the payments to the physicians in order to induce more referrals. The court also ruled that â€Å"If one purpose of the payment was to induce future referrals, the Medicare statute has been violated† (Bucy, 2010). Stephen Pierce claims that â€Å"The Medicare and Medicaid health care programs were created in the mid-1960s in an attempt to ensure that all Americans would receive high quality health care despite their inability to pay† (Pierce, 1986). But what happened in this case was totally in contrast to what was intended. So, yes, I agree with the verdict of the court. Conclusion: As per the ruling of the court, the payments made to the physicians were done in order to attract more clients to the medical facility. Moreover, the payments received from Medicare were diverted to the physicians; this was totally against the norms. The court ruled against Greber; Greber was found guilty. I am in favor of the judgment because it is not correct for someone to use, for profit, funds that are meant for other purposes. This case is an example of pure bribing in order to gain profits. References Bucy, P. (2010). Health care fraud: Enforcement and compliance. New York: Law Journal Press.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Moving Beyond Simple Conflict of Interest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Main, K. (2012). What is the difference between criminal law and civil law? Web. Pierce, S. (1986). Comment: United States v. Greber and its effect on the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Web. Smith, B., Southwell, T. (2012). Joint Ventures: A Primer. Web.

7 Grammatical Errors That Arent

7 Grammatical Errors That Arent 7 Grammatical Errors That Aren’t 7 Grammatical Errors That Aren’t By Mark Nichol There are two types of grammar: Descriptive, which describes what is customary, and prescriptive grammar, which prescribes what should be. A tension between the two systems is inevitable and healthy; it keeps us thinking about what we’re saying and writing. Allowing mob rule at the expense of some governing of composition is madness, but a diction dictatorship is dangerous, too. As with any prescription, an overdose is contraindicated. Here are some hard pills to swallow for language mavens who require a strict adherence to rigid syntactical patterns at the expense of, well, language: 1. Never split an infinitive. It isn’t wise to always ignore this fallacious rule against dividing the elements of the verb phrase â€Å"to (verb)† with an adverb, but to blindly follow it is to prohibit pleasing turns of phrase one of the best known of which is from the introductory voice-over from all the Star Trek television series: â€Å"to boldly go where no one has gone before.† (The original series, produced before the more recent sensitivity to gender bias, put it â€Å"no man.†) 2. Never end a sentence with a preposition. This rule is ridiculous, to start with. If you believe it, please tell me what planet you are from. What are you striving for? Give it up. Am I getting my point across? The stricture against closing sentences with words that describe position stems from an eighteen-century fetish for the supposed perfection of classical Latin, which allowed no split infinitives for the excellent reason that Latin infinitives consist of single words. English, however, being a distant relative of that language, should be allowed to form its own customs. 3. Never begin a sentence with a conjunction. And why not? For an honorable tradition of doing just that exists. But some people persist in prohibiting this technique. Yet we defy them. Or we simply ignore them or laugh at them, neither of which they appreciate. Nor do they understand our attitude, though we try to convince them, and will continue to do so. So there. The words beginning each of these sentences are conjunctions, easily recalled with the mnemonic FANBOYS. Every one is perfectly acceptable at the head of a sentence. As is obvious from the previous paragraph, however, a little goes a long way. 4. Distinguish between while and though. Petty prescriptivists would have you reserve while for temporal usage only: â€Å"While I agree, I resist,† they say, should be revised to â€Å"Though I agree, I resist.† I freely admit that I often change while to though, and while I understand I’m sorry, I can’t stop myself and though I understand that it may seem pedantic, I think though reads better. 5. Distinguish between since and because. Ditto. And ditto. I concur that indiscriminate replacement of since with because may seem persnickety, but since ahem because I find the latter word more pleasing, I will reserve the right to prefer it. 6. Use data only in the plural sense. Where did they get this data? The alternative is to use datum in the singular sense, which makes you sound like a propellerhead. (Look it up, kids.) People who say â€Å"datum† get data, but they don’t get dates. 7. Use none only in the singular sense. None of these rules, followed strictly, allow for a vernacular ease with language. Did that sentence hurt? Did the waves stop crashing to shore? Did Earth stop spinning? If you wish to replace none with â€Å"not one† or â€Å"no one† (â€Å"Not one person admitted guilt†; â€Å"No one saw that coming†), by all means, do so, but fear not none in a plural sense. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives How to spell "in lieu of"50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Jet blue technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jet blue technology - Research Paper Example Traditionally, firms depended on management and market forces to streamline their strategies but currently they have found the need to be abreast with innovations which in most cases have been necessitated by advances in technology and the unpredictable consumer tastes and preferences. This has led to a continuous process of integration by people around the globe brought about by increased interdependence due to the need to exchange information, ideas, opinions, goods and services and the cultural aspects. The unpredictability of consumer tastes and preferences have influenced the manner in which firms approach business opportunities and influenced by the rapid inventions in science and technology and innovations in business policies and mechanisms, firms have been competing to stay relevant in the market over their rivals. Aviation industry on the other hand has been putting so much emphasis on technology from their carriers to innovations that enhance smooth delivery of their servi ces to the large and growing customer base and competition. This include construction of planes that offer cargo and passenger services which are later mechanized or customized to incorporate features that distinguish a certain firm from the other for competitive advantage. This is further coupled with onboard and off board services to the passengers and other marketing strategies that ensure the firm stays relevant in the industry by acquiring a substantial market share in form of client base while it manages the incorporation of these innovations with the market returns. These technological advancements comes with barriers with which firms need to evaluate first to ascertain the overall cost and the general impact of the strategy to the firm’s position in the industry and its long and short term objectives. This has in the long run helped management to devise integration measures between the technological innovations and the existing labor force within these firms maintaini ng profitability and continuity of these firms. By adopting science and technology in the service delivery within the aviation industry has streamlined contractual aspect of transacting partners more so in the cargo section by providing timely response to both parties which has helped reduce legal tussles and in turn improving on the convenience and reliability aspects. Furthermore, innovations have brought solutions to many problems within the aviation industry right from marketing, client and portfolio management, human capital and firms’ organization. For instance, applying technological innovations within management section and in the research and development sections of any given firm ensures timely response to the arising matters more so in the service industry such as aviation which promotes real time course of action. Introduction Jet Blue is an airline company that has undergone several transmissions in a bid to strengthen its management and improve on service delive ry to its growing client base by merging and partnering with supplementary and complementary firms. The firm has had a strong organization culture from management to employees which has seen the firm accomplish long term and short term goals concurrently, improving on the customer attraction and retention and the overall service delivery by the airline. The firm has incorporated science and technology in almost all of its operations for convenience, reliability and outreach so as to improve